題目列表(包括答案和解析)
若某救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備基地的儲(chǔ)備物資中,節(jié)水設(shè)施、救生器具、凈水劑的比重較大,則該基地最有可能是
A.武漢 B.成都 C.西安 D.昆明
In the dark forests ________ some large enough to hold several English towns.
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
【詳解】本題考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),完全倒裝。同時(shí)stand 和lie的區(qū)別。stand是突出的,lie是平躺的,湖不可能是突出的,所以此題應(yīng)該選擇lie。
現(xiàn)在,越來越多的大陸游客可以赴臺(tái)旅游,而日月潭作為臺(tái)灣的主要景點(diǎn),很多人并不真正了解,請(qǐng)按照以下要點(diǎn)提示,寫一篇介紹日月潭(Sun Moon Lake)的英語短文,不少于110詞。
1. 日月潭位于臺(tái)灣的南投縣,是臺(tái)灣最著名的風(fēng)景區(qū),也是臺(tái)灣最大的天然湖泊。
2. 湖中央有一島嶼把湖分成兩部分,湖的東北部分圓圓的像太陽,而湖的西南部分彎彎的像月牙,故為日月潭。
3. 日月潭處在山地與西部平原之間,受3000萬年前喜馬拉雅(the Himalayas)造山運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,由玉山(Mt.Yu)和阿里山(Mt.A-li)之間的斷裂(ruptured)盆地積水而成。
讀寫任務(wù)(共l小題,滿分25分)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
The following story took place long ago in Israel. One day when government officials were using smoke to force the mice inside a hole to come out, they saw two mice, after all the others escaped, squeezing slowly out at the exit of the hole. The strange thing was that after they came out, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the exit of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite the tail of the other.
Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped closer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other one was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so he could pull the blind one with him to escape.
After witnessing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. Then, one serious Rome official said: “I think the relationship between those two mice was that of emperor and minister.” A smart Israeli said: “I think husband and wife.” A Chinese, who was accustomed to the firm tradition of loyalty to parents, said: “I think mother and son.” And a pure Samaritan said......
【寫作內(nèi)容】
以約30個(gè)詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容。
然后以約120詞就這個(gè)主題發(fā)表看法,并包括以下要點(diǎn):
1)你認(rèn)為這兩只老鼠最有可能是什么關(guān)系,為什么?
以你或他人的親身經(jīng)歷說明你的體會(huì)。
【寫作要求】
你可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn),也可以參照閱讀材料中的內(nèi)容,但不得直接引用原文的句子;
【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】
概括準(zhǔn)確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
I prefer the stories about the swimmers at the Beijing Olympics,one of which is about Zakia Nassar. She's a 21-year-old Palestinian __21__ Bethlehem studying dentistry in Jenin. Having had neither a __22__ nor a chance to an Olympic-sized pool in the past year, she had no choice but to __23__ on her own at a 12m public pool.
There is a 50-meter __24__ in nearby Nazareth, but the Israeli government did not __25__ her to use it.
Nassar was __26__ to training only when she returned to her parents' home in Bethlehem, __27__ she did so only about every two months for two days or so. __28__ the pool is only 12 meters long.
“My parents and friends always __29__ me, reminding me that I had to keep training if I __30 wanted to go to the Olympics,” she said.
It was only when Nassar __31__ China a month ago that she finally got the opportunity to swim in a 50m pool and enjoyed the __32__ of having a coach.
When she at last took part in the Games, she swam the 50m in 31.97 seconds, a(n) __33__ of seven seconds on her personal __34__. Nassar said it was the most beautiful moment of her life.
She will not __35__ on the cover of Time magazine or __36__ millions of dollars in endorsements(捐款), but she can always say she won a race at the Olympics. For her, it wasn’t about __37__ the other swimmers or winning a prize, but about __38__ her own goal, __39__ difficult. When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of her. Then I realize how __40__ the task before me really is.
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【答案】 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.C 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.C 【解析】略 【題型】完型填空 【適用】一般 【標(biāo)題】2011屆山東省寧陽一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 【關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)簽】故事類閱讀 【結(jié)束】 17【題文】You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it appealing to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to cheat like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars(登記員) at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "cheats"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(徹底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a false diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 41.The main idea of this passage is that ______.
42.According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that ______.
43.We can infer from the passage that _______.
44.This passage implies that ______.
【答案】 45.B 46.B 47.D 48.D 【解析】略 【題型】閱讀理解 【適用】一般 【標(biāo)題】2011屆山東省寧陽一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 【關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)簽】社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類 【結(jié)束】 18【題文】Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14. A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer's wife and her black servant. Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication of The Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism(女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)). A disjointed study of the mind of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics, relationships with men and sex, and Jungian analysis and dream interpretation. Lessing's themes changed to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was interested in the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism(蘇菲教派). Her turn toward science fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditional critics, but she has continued to be popular with new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001. Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing's selection. “She is one of the truly great writers -- of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction,” Engdahl said. “She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature.” At 87, Doris Lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature winner since the first prizes were awarded in 1901. 49. What would be the best title of the passage?
50.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
51.According to the fourth paragraph, _______.
52.The underlined word “impulse” in the 6th passage is closest in meaning to _______.
【答案】 53.C 54.C 55.B 56.D 【解析】略 【題型】閱讀理解 【適用】一般 【標(biāo)題】2011屆山東省寧陽一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 【關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)簽】人物傳記類 【結(jié)束】 19【題文】將下列句子翻譯為英語,必須用所提示的英語單詞或提示單詞的派生形式。 57.病人被交給?漆t(yī)生治療。(refer) _______________________________________________________________________ 58.我們的老師從來不允許考試作弊。(tolerate) _______________________________________________________________________ 59.我把成功歸功于我所受到的教育。(owe) _______________________________________________________________________ 60.他的言行不一致。(correspond) _______________________________________________________________________ 61.外出忘記帶傘是他的特點(diǎn)。(typical) _______________________________________________________________________ 62.你對(duì)這部電影感興趣嗎?(appeal) _______________________________________________________________________ 63.他被禁止駕車六個(gè)月。(ban) _______________________________________________________________________ 64.他最近被任命為委員會(huì)成員。(appoint) _______________________________________________________________________ 65.他對(duì)我們總是坦誠相待,他從不灰心喪氣。(give way to) _______________________________________________________________________ 66.另一方面,經(jīng)常處于廣告的包圍之中,我們的想法有可能隨著時(shí)間的流逝而發(fā)生變化。(be exposed to) _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 67.The patient was referred to a specialist for treatment. 68.Our teacher never tolerates cheating in exams. Our teacher has no tolerance to cheating in exams. Out teacher is never tolerant of cheating in exams. 69.I owe my success to my education. 70.His actions don’t correspond with his words. 71.It’s typical of him to forget his umbrella when he goes out. 72.Does the film appeal to you? 73.He was banned from driving for six months. 74.She has recently been appointed to the committee. 75.He was always honest with us and never gave way to disappointment. 76.On the other hand, being constantly exposed to advertisements can help to change our opinions over time. 【解析】略 【題型】其他 【適用】一般 【標(biāo)題】2011屆山東省寧陽一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 【關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)簽】漢譯英 【結(jié)束】 20【題文】你的英國朋友Jack想了解北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的情況。假如你是李華,請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件,就本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)作一簡單介紹。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下: 1. 從2008年8月8日至24日歷時(shí)17天,二百多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)參賽。 2. 本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)打破43項(xiàng)世界記錄、132項(xiàng)奧運(yùn)會(huì)記錄,美國運(yùn)動(dòng)員Michael Phelps創(chuàng)一次奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌最多的記錄。 3. 中國隊(duì)表現(xiàn)突出,獲100枚獎(jiǎng)牌、50枚金牌,金牌總數(shù)第一,創(chuàng)歷史之最。 4. 北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦獲得全球贊譽(yù)。 注意:字?jǐn)?shù):120左右 Dear Jack, I’m very glad to tell you something about the Beijing Olympic Games. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m very glad to tell you something about the Beijing Olympic Games. The 2008 Summer Olympic Games lasted 17 days, which were held in Beijing on August 8th and dropped their curtain on Aug. 24. More than 10,000 athletes from over 200 countries and areas took part. The Games saw 43 new world records and 132 new Olympic records. The American athlete, Michael Phelps broke the record for most gold medals in one Olympics. China performed so wonderfully that it won a total of 100 medals, including 51 gold medals, leading the gold medal count for the first time in history. Beijing’s successful hosting of the Games has earned global praise and the organizing work has been considered perfect. I hope the 2012 London Olympic Games will also be a perfect one. With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】略 【題型】書面表達(dá) 【適用】一般 【標(biāo)題】2011屆山東省寧陽一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語卷 【關(guān)鍵字標(biāo)簽】提綱作文 【結(jié)束】 |
1. B 【解析】印度所用的時(shí)間為東5.5區(qū)的區(qū)時(shí),當(dāng)神
時(shí)10分,換算成印度時(shí)間(東5.5區(qū)區(qū)時(shí))為18時(shí)40分
2.B 【解析】汕頭位于北回歸線上,所以在這幾日內(nèi)與其正午太陽高度最接近的是②和③,又因?yàn)樘栔鄙淠习肭,所以晝長小于12小時(shí)。
3. D 【解析】從圖中分析可知,各月平均氣溫均位于
4. C 【解析】結(jié)合上題判斷的緯度分布及其降水量有明顯的干濕季分布可知,為熱帶草原氣候,所以C選項(xiàng)正確。
5. B 【解析】 所給各項(xiàng)中,只有咖啡屬熱帶經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
6.C 【解析】其他地區(qū)灌溉水源不充足,而這里可以引黃河水進(jìn)行灌溉。故C項(xiàng)正確。
7.A 【解析】對(duì)于空曠的地區(qū)的景色,在觀賞時(shí)要遠(yuǎn)眺,且要把握時(shí)機(jī)。故A正確。
8.B 【解析】從圖中可以看出,陽邏開發(fā)區(qū)靠近機(jī)場、接近火車站,并且位于長江邊。
9.A 【解析】四大米市是歷史上形成,當(dāng)時(shí)沒有發(fā)達(dá)的鐵路,依靠長江的水運(yùn),共同的條件是稻米生產(chǎn)條件好,水運(yùn)便利。
10. B 【解析】造林成功后,森林覆蓋率提高,有保持水土和涵養(yǎng)水源的功能,對(duì)一次降雨對(duì)河流流量的影響而言,可導(dǎo)致河水高水位的時(shí)間滯后,水位高度降低。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來看,A只體現(xiàn)了高水位時(shí)間的滯后,C只體現(xiàn)了降水造成的高水位高度的降低,D明顯錯(cuò)誤,只有B選項(xiàng)符合。
11. C 【解析】這四項(xiàng)措施都是黃土高原治理水土流失的措施,但是C項(xiàng)針對(duì)的是解決農(nóng)村生活用能短缺而破壞植被問題的,不屬于農(nóng)業(yè)方面的措施。
12. B【解析】春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期是我國古代的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期,前三項(xiàng)均屬于該時(shí)期,但A、C與農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)革新成就不符,牛穿有鼻環(huán)反映了牛耕技術(shù)的運(yùn)用,故選B,曲轅犁出現(xiàn)于唐朝,排除D。
13.C【解析】作為唐朝中央機(jī)構(gòu)的三省六部中,中書省負(fù)責(zé)草擬和頒發(fā)皇帝的詔令,門下負(fù)責(zé)審核,尚書負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行,因此中書省最符合皇帝的“秘書官”的特點(diǎn)。樞密院是北宋開始設(shè)立的負(fù)責(zé)軍事的機(jī)構(gòu)
。
14.D【解析】慶歷新政以整頓吏治為核心,其中包括嚴(yán)格官吏的任用與考核,限制恩蔭,故選D。改革措施中雖有裁并州縣的內(nèi)容,但并未包括削弱地方權(quán)力、加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)的“強(qiáng)干弱枝”,B、C屬于王安石變法的內(nèi)容。
15. D【解析】“新疆”這個(gè)名稱是清代開始采用的,而且清前期的疆域西跨蔥嶺,西北達(dá)巴爾喀什湖,北接西伯利亞,東北至外興安嶺和庫頁島,南包南海諸島,與題目材料記述基本一致,故選D。
16.C【解析】嘉慶年間正處于鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的前夜,當(dāng)時(shí)清政府實(shí)行閉關(guān)政策,對(duì)外貿(mào)易受到嚴(yán)格限制,明末出現(xiàn)的西學(xué)東漸局面在清雍正帝時(shí)期已衰落下來,但中西交流并未完全中止,題目所述即是證明。外商打開中國市場是在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后。故選C。
17. B【解析】這首詞反映了外國侵略者在通商口岸開設(shè)的租界的情況,1858年的《天津條約》規(guī)定開辟漢口為通商口岸,此后不久,在當(dāng)?shù)爻霈F(xiàn)了租界,故B正確。
18.B【解析】由題目中“20世紀(jì)初,當(dāng)歐洲籠罩在戰(zhàn)爭的陰云之下”判斷,列寧這句話是在一戰(zhàn)臨近的背景下所言,因此稱贊的是辛亥革命后社會(huì)政治生活活躍的景象。
19. B【解析】由“使國民黨發(fā)動(dòng)的抗戰(zhàn)發(fā)展為全面的全民族抗戰(zhàn)”可以判斷中共的主張是在七七事變發(fā)生,國民黨軍隊(duì)奮起抗戰(zhàn)的情況下,為促成國共合作,實(shí)現(xiàn)全民族抗戰(zhàn)而提出的。
20.A【解析】文藝復(fù)興興起于14世紀(jì),以人文主義思潮為核心,強(qiáng)調(diào)人的力量、人的價(jià)值,因此為15世紀(jì)起歐洲的海外擴(kuò)張?zhí)峁┝司駝?dòng)力這樣的智力背景。近代科學(xué)興起于歐洲擴(kuò)張過程中,哥白尼學(xué)說屬于其成就之一,故排除B、C;D表述錯(cuò)誤。
21.D【解析】本題為逆向選擇題,前三項(xiàng)均為拿破侖采取有利于政治穩(wěn)定和資本主義發(fā)展的措施,D為吉倫特派執(zhí)政時(shí)的舉措。
22.C 【解析】費(fèi)正清的意思是說中國抗戰(zhàn)提高了中國的國際地位,四個(gè)組合項(xiàng)中,《雅爾塔協(xié)定》是美蘇等大國為了自身利益而損害中國利益的產(chǎn)物,波茨坦會(huì)議沒有中國參加,因此排除這兩項(xiàng)!堕_羅宣言》是中美英三國發(fā)表,中國是聯(lián)合國成立的五大國之一,均能表現(xiàn)出中國國際地位的提高。
23.A【解析】結(jié)合題干中的說明文字,可知“和魂漢才”即以日本文化為靈魂和主體,吸收中國傳統(tǒng)文化的精華儒家文化,將之改造為日本文化的一部分,為日本的進(jìn)步服務(wù)。故選A。
24.A 因?yàn)?007年與2008年美元與人民幣的匯率不同,所以2008年M商品的價(jià)值要先以人民幣計(jì)量,再換算成美元。根據(jù)無論社會(huì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率怎么變化,同一勞動(dòng)同一時(shí)間創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值總量不變的原理,可列出公式為:84×7(人民幣)×2007年的數(shù)量=2008年價(jià)值量×2007年的數(shù)量×(1+20%)。計(jì)算出,2008年M商品的價(jià)值量為84×7÷(1+20%)=490元人民幣。再折合為美元應(yīng)為490÷6.8≈72美元。
25.A 本題考查我國的三大產(chǎn)業(yè)及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。注意材料中三大結(jié)構(gòu)比例的變化。②④太絕對(duì)化,而且從材料中也得不出這樣的結(jié)論。
26.B 征收消費(fèi)稅的意義,一是合理調(diào)節(jié)消費(fèi)行為,抑制超前消費(fèi),間接引導(dǎo)投資流向,保證國家財(cái)政收入。二是避免因過度消費(fèi)而損害人類健康,危害社會(huì)秩序、破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境。其目的并不在于增加財(cái)政收入。
27.D 注意題中的二個(gè)限制性角度,一是“適度寬松的”,二是“貨幣政策”。A、C是財(cái)政政策,與題意要求不符合。B是從緊的貨幣政策。
28.B A錯(cuò)誤,內(nèi)因不能決定外因。C錯(cuò)誤,內(nèi)因決定事物的性質(zhì)和發(fā)展方向,主要矛盾決定事物的發(fā)展方向,矛盾的主要方面決定事物的性質(zhì)。材料中沒有涉及到外因,因此D與題意無關(guān)。
29.D 材料說明,事物本身具備的客觀事物屬性具有對(duì)立統(tǒng)一面,人們應(yīng)具體問題具體分析。但材料沒有體現(xiàn)矛盾的普遍性與矛盾的特殊性的關(guān)系,也不是在談使用是否過量的問題。因此AB都與題意不符合。C觀點(diǎn)本身是錯(cuò)誤的,矛盾的主要方面對(duì)事物的性質(zhì)才起決定作用。
30.C “為支援災(zāi)區(qū)而寧愿犧牲個(gè)人利益”體現(xiàn)了②④。①錯(cuò)誤,維護(hù)國家利益并不意味著就得犧牲個(gè)人利益。③錯(cuò)誤,正確的價(jià)值觀才對(duì)人們認(rèn)識(shí)和改造世界具有巨大的促進(jìn)作用。
31.A ③是政治常識(shí)觀點(diǎn),與題中要求不符合。④本身是錯(cuò)誤的,并不是所有的利益都是天然合理的。①②本身正確且符合題意。
32.C ①②③都符合中國共產(chǎn)黨這個(gè)主體的行為,應(yīng)當(dāng)入選。④錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)當(dāng)是從實(shí)際出發(fā),而不是從政策出發(fā)。
33. A 本題可以采用排除法,④是錯(cuò)誤的,人大代表才享有提案權(quán)。“向市民公開征集意見”、“以改善民生為重點(diǎn)的社會(huì)領(lǐng)域約占三成”體現(xiàn)①②。③錯(cuò)誤,人民群眾是依法治國的主體。④錯(cuò)誤,人民群眾不能等同于人大代表,人大代表享有提案權(quán)。解答本題可以采用排除法。
34.C 材料中的主體是政協(xié)和民主黨派,“考察調(diào)研”體現(xiàn)的是參政議政的作用。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身都是錯(cuò)誤的。
35.B 中美兩國在管理宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡增長的戰(zhàn)略、加強(qiáng)能源和環(huán)境合作、應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易挑戰(zhàn)、促進(jìn)開放的投資環(huán)境、國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作等議題上有共同利益,因此才能進(jìn)行討論。這說明兩國存在合作的基礎(chǔ)。
【解題思路】第(1)問圖中的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造可從巖層的受力情況進(jìn)行分析,地貌分析時(shí)要考慮到其形成的外力作用;第(2)問,從區(qū)域定位可判斷出此河流為長江上游,可知此處河水的流向?yàn)閺哪舷虮;?3)問,水能資源豐富的條件可從水量和落差兩個(gè)方面分析,不利條件可從地形及喀斯特地貌對(duì)建設(shè)庫區(qū)的影響等角度分析;第(4)問,丙處和丁處均為流水侵蝕地貌,從地質(zhì)作用來看,a-b間的地形是受內(nèi)力擠壓作用形成的,H處位于四川盆地中,冬季較溫暖的原因是受北部及周圍山地對(duì)冬季冷空氣的阻擋作用形成的。第(5)問,須結(jié)合云貴高原的自然環(huán)境進(jìn)行綜合分析。
【試題答案】(1)向斜(2分) 斷層(2分) 喀斯特(2分) 丙處為可溶性巖石,且此地區(qū)氣候濕熱,巖石容易受到溶蝕作用而形成喀斯特地貌 (4分);峽谷(2分) 流水的侵蝕作用(2分)。
(2)從南向北流 (或從西南向東北) (2分)
(3)有利條件:該河段流經(jīng)亞熱帶季風(fēng)區(qū),降水豐富,河流水量大,河流流經(jīng)山地峽谷地區(qū),落差大 。(3分) 不利條件:地形復(fù)雜,崎嶇,附近有喀斯特地形分布,工程量難度大。(3分)
(4)BD(2分)
(5) 山地多,平地少,耕地面積少(3分);喀斯特地貌廣布,地表水和地下水儲(chǔ)藏條件差;(2分);土壤貧瘠,水土流失嚴(yán)重(2分);多地震、滑坡、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害(3分)。
36.
37.(32分)【解析】本題以紀(jì)念改革開放30周年這個(gè)時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)為命題角度,考查對(duì)我國對(duì)外開放局面的形成與發(fā)展的掌握。第(1)問,通過對(duì)材料一中鄧小平講話內(nèi)容的分析,從世界大勢(shì)、開放的迫切性、歷史教訓(xùn)、外國經(jīng)驗(yàn)等方面概括作答。第(2)問,抓住材料二中“出口特區(qū)”的局限,即可回答更名為“經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)”的原因,再根據(jù)特區(qū)取得的重大成就的表述回答其重要地位。第(3)問,由材料三所列的事件可以了解我國對(duì)外開放的大體進(jìn)程,再從地區(qū)、層次等角度概括發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。第(4)問,根據(jù)材料四“經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和綜合國力上了一個(gè)大臺(tái)階”、“融入全球化”、“沒有圍墻”等信息,結(jié)合教材中的相關(guān)表述,可以回答對(duì)外開放的重大意義。
【答案】
(1)適應(yīng)當(dāng)今世界形勢(shì)發(fā)展的客觀要求;我國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的迫切需要;近代以來中國革命和建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn);吸收新加坡等國經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(8分)
(2)原因:出口特區(qū)具有單項(xiàng)性的局限,易受西方經(jīng)濟(jì)的制約,而且單純對(duì)外不利于內(nèi)地的發(fā)展。(6分)地位:是中國對(duì)外開放戰(zhàn)略部署的第一步,改革開放的 “試驗(yàn)區(qū)” 和窗口。(4分)
(3)開放范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,層次不斷提高,逐步走向全方位。(6分)
(4)促進(jìn)了中國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的迅速發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)了中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和綜合國力,提高了城鄉(xiāng)居民收入,使中國融入了世界,適應(yīng)并推動(dòng)了全球化。(8分)
38.【解析】解答第(1)題,要注意“從價(jià)格與供求的關(guān)系角度”回答,一方面要注意擴(kuò)大供應(yīng),一方面要減少不必要的消費(fèi)需求。解答第(2)題,要注意“用矛盾對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn)分析”,因此首先指出對(duì)應(yīng)的原理的內(nèi)容,再詳細(xì)分析如何對(duì)立統(tǒng)一,最后指出應(yīng)指明怎么辦。解答第(3)題,要注意“運(yùn)用國際社會(huì)的知識(shí)”,“強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)國際合作”是由國際間共同利益決定的,是我國獨(dú)立自主和平外交政策的具體體現(xiàn)。
【答案】(1)商品的價(jià)格與供求相互影響相互制約。要保障糧食安全應(yīng)該從擴(kuò)大糧食供給與降低糧食需求入手。(2分) ①政府應(yīng)堅(jiān)持和完善家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制;制定嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)措施,穩(wěn)定耕地面積;減少或禁止糧食出口;加大財(cái)政投入,鼓勵(lì)糧食生產(chǎn)者提高科技、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,擴(kuò)大糧食供應(yīng);堅(jiān)持和完善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格支持機(jī)制,控制生產(chǎn)資料銷售價(jià)格的上漲,調(diào)動(dòng)農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)積極性,增加糧食產(chǎn)量。(6分) ②政府應(yīng)引導(dǎo)居民節(jié)約糧食;限制工業(yè)用糧;減少不必要的消費(fèi)需求。(2分)
(2)①矛盾就是對(duì)立統(tǒng)一。矛盾雙方既對(duì)立,又統(tǒng)一。(3分) ②保障在糧食安全中,開源與節(jié)流是辯證統(tǒng)一的。只講節(jié)流不講開源,難以保持糧食的供應(yīng),不利于糧食價(jià)格的穩(wěn)定;而只顧開源,忽視節(jié)流,糧食利用效率會(huì)得不到保證。(4分) ③因此,保障糧食安全要正確處理好開源與節(jié)流的辯證關(guān)系,既要重視和發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn),又要重視提高糧食利用效率,節(jié)約糧食。(3分)
(3)①國家利益是國家對(duì)外活動(dòng)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn),是國際關(guān)系的決定因素。國家間的共同利益是國家合作的基礎(chǔ)。(3分) 在糧食安全問題上,我國政府強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)國際合作,既符合我國的根本利益,又符合世界各國人民的根本利益。(3分) ②中國政府堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上積極發(fā)展同世界各國的友好關(guān)系。在糧食安全問題上,我國政府強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)國際合作,促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展,是我國和平外交政策的表現(xiàn)。(3分)
③我國在國際社會(huì)中是一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的國家,在糧食安全問題上,我國政府強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)國際合作,既有利于解決好中國13億人的吃飯問題,又有利于樹立我國負(fù)責(zé)任大國形象。(3分)
【解題思路】第(1)問,從國際和國內(nèi)兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析;第(2)問,需要從自然因素和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素兩個(gè)方面來分析;
【試題答案】(1) 外因:由于國外經(jīng)濟(jì)受金融海嘯影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度變緩導(dǎo)致需求量下降,訂單減少影響本區(qū)工廠生產(chǎn);近年來工業(yè)原料、價(jià)格、用地成本及勞動(dòng)力工資的上漲造成企業(yè)成本上升;近年能源價(jià)格上漲造成企業(yè)運(yùn)輸成本的上升;(6分)內(nèi)因:本區(qū)企業(yè)多為勞動(dòng)力密集型產(chǎn)品,產(chǎn)品銷售依賴國外市場,附加值低;企業(yè)的市場開拓能力、產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、創(chuàng)新能力不足;處于產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上價(jià)值較低的加工環(huán)節(jié),應(yīng)對(duì)市場變化的能力弱。(6分)
(2) 優(yōu)勢(shì):地形平坦、水源充足;毗鄰港澳、交通便利;經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)和政策優(yōu)勢(shì);經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)好、市場廣闊;人口密集、勞動(dòng)力豐富;僑鄉(xiāng)、便于引進(jìn)外資和技術(shù)。(答出三點(diǎn)即得6分)
不利:礦產(chǎn)資源和能源缺乏(2分)
39.
【解析】第(3)問,由材料三的時(shí)間信息,可知當(dāng)時(shí)正值嚴(yán)重的資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間,聯(lián)系材料中各國擺脫危機(jī)的各種利己主義舉措及其后果,可以回答倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)議的召開原因,結(jié)合會(huì)議的內(nèi)容可以概括會(huì)議的宗旨。第(4)問,由材料三、四中大國在會(huì)議上的表現(xiàn),利用“地方性的經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義”等信息,可以回答會(huì)議失敗原因;根據(jù)材料四有關(guān)會(huì)議失敗后果的表述,結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)國際形勢(shì)的特點(diǎn)回答影響。
【答案】(3)背景:1929年資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)大危機(jī)發(fā)生,西方國家間的貨幣戰(zhàn)、貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)和關(guān)稅大戰(zhàn)愈演愈烈,國際貿(mào)易大大下降,舊的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序瓦解。(6分)
宗旨:降低關(guān)稅,穩(wěn)定貨幣,促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易,重建資本主義世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。(6分)
(4)原因:經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義與利己主義;缺乏有效的國際協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。(4分)影響:加劇了國際矛盾與沖突,導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭危機(jī)臨近。(4分)
【解析】解答第(5)題,要注意限制性語句“經(jīng)濟(jì)常識(shí)角度”、“勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部門”(由此想到政府宏觀調(diào)控和社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo))、“返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工工作”(由此想到勞動(dòng)者的就業(yè)權(quán))、“為什么”(由此想到其意義)。解答第(6)題,“創(chuàng)業(yè)”、“哲學(xué)啟示”即想到主觀能動(dòng)性,觀念的變化、內(nèi)因、創(chuàng)新等。
【答案】(1)①單純的市場調(diào)節(jié)存在自發(fā)性、盲目性和滯后性,需要國家的宏觀調(diào)控。促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、增加就業(yè)是國家宏觀調(diào)控的主要目標(biāo),做好返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工工作正是國家宏觀調(diào)控的重要體現(xiàn)。(3分) ②社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕為目標(biāo),做好返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工工作體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)和共同富裕的目標(biāo)。(2分) ③就業(yè)是勞動(dòng)者的基本權(quán)利,做好返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工工作是保障農(nóng)民工合法權(quán)益的要求。(2分) ④做好返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民工工作有利于促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,提高農(nóng)民工收入,調(diào)動(dòng)勞動(dòng)者的積極性,實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的目標(biāo);有利于擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè);有利于縮小城鄉(xiāng)差別,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,推進(jìn)我國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。(3分)
(2)①辦事情要想有所建樹,必須充分發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性。在就業(yè)問題上我們必須積極主動(dòng)進(jìn)取。②認(rèn)識(shí)要隨著客觀環(huán)境的變化不斷發(fā)展。我們應(yīng)該順應(yīng)時(shí)代的變化,要轉(zhuǎn)變就業(yè)觀念。③內(nèi)因是事物變化發(fā)展的根據(jù),外因是事物變化發(fā)展的條件。我們要充分利用自身?xiàng)l件,積極主動(dòng)就業(yè)。④要有創(chuàng)新精神,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。在嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)和激烈的競爭面前,我們還必須要有創(chuàng)新精神。(任意答出三點(diǎn)即可得10分)
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