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I feel it enormous responsibility, as a mother of two little girls, to lead you down a path that is relatively healthy when it comes to beauty and self-image.

????????????? In a lot of women’s eyes I’ve probably already failed in that respect due to the amount of pink princess Barbie (芭比娃娃) mess cluttering up (堆滿) Vera’s room. But I will say something about Barbie: I played with that stuff for a solid decade when I was growing up and here I am now at a healthy weight with a healthy outlook on my body and image. I have a successful career. If Barbie was really so damaging to my femininity (女性氣質(zhì)) and self-image I highly doubt I could list all of the accomplishments.

But I get it too. It’s hard for women to maintain a healthy self-image. I have girlfriends around whom I have to brace myself to see, because just being around them makes me self-conscious. I look at old pictures of my mother and wonder why I’ve never been able to be as skinny as she was. And then I have friends who are thinner than their mothers ever were. We women go round and round in circles, holding hands and trying to be one another sometimes. Men like to think we dress and style ourselves for them, but why would we when they hardly notice? I’ve never tried so hard to look good when I know I’m about to meet up with a stylish girlfriend. It’s she who will notice my slimmed-down waist or the thinnest, little bracelet on my arm.

And I have no doubt that the two of you, Veronica and Juliette, will endlessly compare yourselves to each other. You will wonder why one of you got longer legs or shinier hair. The thing I’ll tell you is this: not even the prettiest of us feel settled. The girl you think looks the most perfect in the world is probably the girl who wants to change herself more than anyone else.

Don’t take these on. You are not worthless. You are so full of love and light and you should let it shine through your every second. If someone pushes you down for standing tall then just push yourself back up and stand even taller. And know that the reason they push you down in the first place is just because they’re scared.

1.From the second paragraph, we can infer that the author _____.

A. regrets buying so much Barbie stuff for her daughters

B. thinks loving Barbie makes her not confident about her self-image

C. owes her beauty and success to playing with Barbie

D. thinks playing with Barbie caused no damage to her beauty and success

2.In the third paragraph, the author intends to show that _____.

A. women tend to be proud of their beautiful friends

B. she cares much about her appearance

C. she feels proud of her mother’s beauty

D. women tend to admire others and compare with each other

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The author is disappointed that few men take notice of her slim figure.

B. The author cares more about looking good before her girlfriends.

C. Girls should constantly compare themselves with others to improve their beauty.

D. Only the prettiest girl can feel confident about her beauty.

4.The author advises her daughters that _____.

A. they should be cautious not to be pushed down by others

B. they should care much about their strong points instead of appearances

C. they should try to grow taller than others

D. they should care more about others’ opinions

 

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閱讀理解

　　Do animals communicate?

　　When we think of communication, we normally think of using words－talking face to face, writing messages and so on．But the fact is that we communicate far more in other ways．Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not．

　　Then there are gestures, often unconscious(無意識的)：raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, raising the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head．There is also the even more subtle(微妙的) body language of posture(姿勢)：are you sitting or standing with arms or legs crossed? Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind? Even the way we dress and the colors we wear communicate things to others．

　　So, do animals communicate? Not in words, although a parrot might be trained to repeat words and phrases which it doesn't understand．But, as we have learnt, there is more to communicate than words．

　　Take dogs for example, they show their teeth to warn, shake their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair up right to fight．These signals are surely the equals of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture．

　　Color can be an important means of communication for animals．Many birds and fishes change color, for example, to attract partners during the mating(交配) season．And mating itself is commonly done after a special dance which both partners take part in．

　　Here, again, there are striking similarities to young men and women who dress up to meet partners at parties, where the music is often too loud for word　communication．Communication there takes place through appearance and movement．

　　The most carefully planned dances in the animal kingdom are those which bees use to communicate．With body movements alone they can tell other bees the direction and distance of a newly discovered food．

　　All these examples may suggest instinctive (本能的) rather than intelligent communication．But human body language is largely instinctive, too．And in many ways, body language says far more than intelligent word communication ever can．

(1)

Nodding and shaking the head is a(n)________．

[　　]

A．

art

B．

facial expression

C．

posture

D．

skill

(2)

Dogs shaking their tails mean ________．

[　　]

A．

warning

B．

welcoming

C．

fighting

D．

laughing

(3)

Which of the following is TRUE?

[　　]

A．

Color is not a way of communication for animals．

B．

Many birds and fishes change color to show that they don't want to mate．

C．

A special dance often takes place before mating．

D．

Word communication is better at parties where music is so loud．

(4)

Bees use body movements to ________．

[　　]

A．

attract partners to communicate

B．

communicate where they have been

C．

tell other bees where to go and how far it is

D．

show their victory

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Throughout the world, clothing has many uses. It is used to provide protection from the elements. It also is worn to prevent others from seeing specific parts of one’s body. However, the parts of the body that must be covered vary widely throughout the world. Some clothing is worn to provide supernatural protection. Wearing a lucky shirt to take an exam is calling for supernatural assistance.

People in all cultures use clothing and other forms of bodily decoration to communicate status, intentions and other messages. In North America, we dress differently for business and various leisure activities. North American women usually are much more knowledgeable of and concerned with little difference in messages communicated by clothes than men. At times, this leads to silly mistakes of interpretation of female intentions on the part of men. Of course, clothing styles also are intended to communicate messages to members of the same gender（性別）.

Long before we are near enough to talk to someone, their appearance tells their gender, age, economic class, and often even intentions. We begin to recognize the important cultural clues at an early age. The vocabulary of dress that we learn includes not only items of clothing but also hairstyles, jewelry, and other body decoration. In most cultures, however, the same style of dress communicates different messages depending on the age, gender, and physical appearance of the individual wearing it.

Putting on certain types of clothing can change your behavior and the behavior of others towards you. This can be the case with a doctor’s white lab coat, or an army uniform. Most uniforms are clearly symbolic so that they can rapidly and unmistakably communicate status. For instance, the strange hairstyle and clothing of the English “punks” are essential aspects of their uniforms.

There are many forms of body decoration other than clothes that are used around the world to send messages. These include body and hair paint, and even body deformation. When doctors put braces on teeth, they are actually doing the same thing – deforming or reforming a part of the body to make it more attractive. 

1．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

      A．Clothing and Culture

      B．Communication through Clothing

      C．Clothing and Social Behavior

      D．Ways of Sending Messages

2．In North America, men sometimes misunderstand women’s intention because __________.

      A．men are more careless than women

      B．women spend more time on their clothes

      C．men and women have different views on clothing styles

      D．men care less about the different messages communicated by clothes

3．From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.

      A．messages communicated by clothes are the same in different cultures

      B．words of dress are not enough to communicate different messages

      C．dress is better than language in communicating messages

      D．clothing plays an important role in social activities

4．According to the passage, the behavior of others towards you can be changed by your ______.

      A．a(chǎn)ge                B．dress                 C．status              D．behavior

5．What does the underlined word “essential” mean in this passage?

       A．beautiful              B．unimportant         C．necessary            D．common

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閱讀理解。
     Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by pro- viding clues to who people are, who they
are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's back- ground, personality,
status, mood, and social outlook.
     Since clothes are such an important source of social informa- tion,we can use them to influence people's
impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is
likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated (疏遠(yuǎn)) by a young adult who is
dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.
     People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the
lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套裝), including the number of boyfriends they like- ly have had
and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered
to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conserva- tively. And college students
who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about
the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in
which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have
used clothing to gain confidence when you waited for a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court
appearance.
     In the workplace, men have long had clear precedents (先例) and role models for achieving success. It has
been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain aboutthe suitable mixture
of" masculine" and"feminine" charac- teristics they should express by their professional clothing. The vari- ety
of clothing choices to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to
judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make- up, and plain tailored clothing.
1. According to the passage, the way we dress _____.
A. provides clues for people who are critical of us
B. indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career
C. has a direct influence on the way people regard us
D. is of particular importance when we get on in age
2. From Paragraph 3 we can see young adults believe certain types of clothing can _____.
A. change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle
B. help young people make friends with the opposite sex
C. make them competitive in the job market
D. help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships
3. Many career women find themselves in difficult situations because _____.
A. the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose
B. women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models
C. men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
D. they wonder the extent for them to display the feminine qual- ities through clothing
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Dressing for effect.
B. How to dress appropriately.
C. Managerial positions and clothing.
D. Dressing for the occasion.

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Throughout the world, clothing has many uses. It is used to provide protection from the elements. It also is worn to prevent others from seeing specific parts of one’s body. However, the parts of the body that must be covered vary widely throughout the world. Some clothing is worn to provide supernatural protection. Wearing a lucky shirt to take an exam is calling for supernatural assistance.

People in all cultures use clothing and other forms of bodily decoration to communicate status, intentions and other messages. In North America, we dress differently for business and various leisure activities. North American women usually are much more knowledgeable of and concerned with little difference in messages communicated by clothes than men. At times, this leads to silly mistakes of interpretation of female intentions on the part of men. Of course, clothing styles also are intended to communicate messages to members of the same gender（性別）.

Long before we are near enough to talk to someone, their appearance tells their gender, age, economic class, and often even intentions. We begin to recognize the important cultural clues at an early age. The vocabulary of dress that we learn includes not only items of clothing but also hairstyles, jewelry, and other body decoration. In most cultures, however, the same style of dress communicates different messages depending on the age, gender, and physical appearance of the individual wearing it.

Putting on certain types of clothing can change your behavior and the behavior of others towards you. This can be the case with a doctor’s white lab coat, or an army uniform. Most uniforms are clearly symbolic so that they can rapidly and unmistakably communicate status. For instance, the strange hairstyle and clothing of the English “punks” are essential aspects of their uniforms.

There are many forms of body decoration other than clothes that are used around the world to send messages. These include body and hair paint, and even body deformation. When doctors put braces on teeth, they are actually doing the same thing – deforming or reforming a part of the body to make it more attractive. 

36. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

      A.   Clothing and Culture

      B.   Communication through Clothing

      C.   Clothing and Social Behavior

      D.   Ways of Sending Message

37. Some people wear lucky shirts to take an exam because they believe         .

      A.   clothes have extraordinary power

      B.   clothes can hide their fear for the exam

      C.   shirts can make them more comfortable

      D.   shirts provide protection against bad weather

38. In North America, men sometimes misunderstand women’s intention because         .

      A.   men are more careless than women

      B.   women spend more time on their clothes

      C.   men care less about the different messages communicated by clothes

      D.   men and women have different views on clothing styles

39. From the passage, it can be inferred that         .

      A.   messages communicated by clothes are the same in different cultures

      B.   words of dress are not enough to communicate different messages

      C.   dress is better than language in communicating messages

      D.   clothing plays an important role in social activities

40. According to the passage, the behavior of others towards you can be changed by your         .

      A.   age              B. dress                    C.   status            D.  behavior

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