Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake (假的) happiness simply leads to people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.
Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional tiredness, and that’s bad for the organization.” He also said the research showed customer-service workers who had “fake smiles” throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn’t want to work, so their productivity dropped.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott’s team examined the effects of “surface acting”, or fake smiling, compared to “deep acting”, or making people smile by thinking of peasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men’s. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved more by thinking of pleasant memories. ”
According to Dr. Scott, women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.
Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy. “There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. You’re trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more.”
【小題1】According to the passage, Dr. Scott’s study ______.

A．is supported by some big employers in the USA

B．is meaningful as there haven’t been many similar ones

C．examined more women than men for a long time

D．a(chǎn)imed to make the employees more productive

【小題2】Women suffer more from fake happiness mainly because ______.

A．they usually turn up shy in public places

B．they should be more emotionally expressive

C．they are often treated in a terrible way

D．they like thinking of pleasant memories

【小題3】It is implied in the passage that deep acting _____.

A．doesn’t have any effect on men

B．cannot improve our moods in any case

C．harms our feelings in the long run

D．pleases people by feeling like another person

【小題4】What is the best title for the passage?

A．Fake smiling makes people unhappy.

B．Women shouldn’t be forced to smile.

C．An important suggestion for workers.

D．Why people don’t want to work.

Bamboo（竹） is one of the nature’s most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.
Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 1.5 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe（歐洲）. There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains.
Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters（厘米）wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green.
Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables(繩索) hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong.
In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills(鉆) can help to make the poor thirsty fields be watered.
【小題1】How is bamboo like grass?

A．It is thin and easy to cut.

B．It grows everywhere.

C．It grows quickly after it’s cut short.

D．It is short and green.

【小題2】The underlined sentence “while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across.” means “Some other bamboo plants may grow to be very _______.”

A．short

B．strong

C．thick

D．tall

【小題3】From the text we know ______.

A．All people call bamboo plant trees

B．a(chǎn) bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three days

C．the bamboo plant changes its colors when it grows

D．a(chǎn) bridge held by bamboo cable was built thousands of years ago

【小題4】Why did the engineers teach the poor farmers in Africa to make use of bamboo?

A．Because it is cheap.	B．Because it is colorful.
C．Because it drills fast.	D．Because it is used by Asians.

【小題5】Which of the following is NOT true?

A．There are many different kinds of bamboo with different colors.

B．Cables made of bamboo can last for over a thousand years.

C．Bamboo can be used for buildings, bridges and watering projects(工程).

D．Bamboo plants are able to grow well in any part of the world.

When I asked my daughter which item she would keep; the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said“the phone”. Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual. Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology.
Point 1 The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about?
Point 2 The mobile phone means that we are never alone. “The mobile saved my life,”says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance(救護(hù)車(chē)) to her rescue.
Point 3 The mobile removes our secret. It allows marketing manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at and time of day to ask where they are , where they are going, and how their last meeting went.
Point 4 The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, “We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near——but we didn’t meet for the first two weeks!”
Point 5 The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously ( 同時(shí)地) on chat lines (at least my daughter does. I wouldn’t know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (if you know any) while they’re space-walking. And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access(進(jìn)入) the Internet, the biggest library on Earth.
【小題1】How do you understand‘Point 1 —The telephone creates the need to communicate,6…’？

A．People don’t communicate without telephone.

B．People communicate because of the creating of the telephone.

C．People communicate more since telephone has been created.

D．People communicate more because of more traffic.

【小題2】Which of the following best shows people’s attitude towards mobile phones?

A．Mobile phones help people deal with the emergency.

B．Mobile phones bring convenience as well little secret to people.

C．Mobile phones are so important and should be encouraged.

D．Mobile phones are part of people’s life.

【小題3】Which points do you think support the idea that phones improve people’s life?
a.      Point 1. b. Point2. c. Point3. d. Point 4. e. Point 5.

A．c, d

B．a(chǎn), e

C．a(chǎn), c

D．b, e

【小題4】It is possible to talk to several complete strangers simultaneously through .

A．the TV screen	B．a(chǎn) fax machine
C．the phone line hooked up to the computer	D．a(chǎn) microphone

【小題5】The best heading for the passage is .

A．The power of Phone	B．Kinds of Phone
C．How to Use Phones	D．Advantage of Phones

Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose it, but it is also true that we do not know what we have been missing until it arrives.
It takes an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone, but it takes a lifetime to forget someone. Giving someone all your love is never an assurance that they will love you back. Do not expect love in return; but if it does not, be content it has grown in yours. Do not rely on one’s appearance; it can trick you. Do not rely on wealth; even that fades away. Rely on someone who makes you smile, because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.
There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.
The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past. You cannot go on well in life until you let your past failures and heartaches go off. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trails to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. The happiest of people do not necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way. Happiness waits for those who cry, those appreciate the importance of people who have touched their lives. Always put yourself in others’ shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person, too.
When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you are the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
【小題1】In this passage, the writer wants to tell us ______.

A．what to do in our life

B．where to go with other persons

C．how to treat our life

D．how to get on well with other persons

【小題2】Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．If you give someone your love, you are sure to receive love in return.

B．We often don’t know what we have lost until it happens someday.

C．It is wise not to rely on anybody because you are likely to be cheated.

D．If it takes you a short time to love someone, you will easily forget the person.

【小題3】If you put yourself in another person’s position, ______.

A．you shouldn’t do what will hurt other people

B．you should put on other people’s shoes

C．you should believe in other people

D．you should depend on your imagination

【小題4】In the last paragraph the writer is actually telling us that a person in the world should be one who ______.

A．can accept the suggestions made by others

B．can live happily and forget the past

C．does good to other people and is respected and loved by them

D．has made a lot of money for himself before he dies