Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (喪失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD (多動(dòng)癥). Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies.
Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等級(jí)) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
Most bullying (恃強(qiáng)凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.
But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favor when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.
Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.
We need the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
【小題1】What is the author’s firm belief?

A．People seek nature in different ways.

B．People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

C．People have quite different ideas of nature.

D．People must make more efforts to study nature.

【小題2】What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

A．Personal freedom.	B．Things that are natural.
C．Urban surroundings.	D．Things that are purchased.

【小題3】What does a study in Sweden show?
　　A. The natural environment can help children learn better.
　　B. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.
　　C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.
　　D. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.
【小題4】Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.

A．tend to develop a strong love for science

B．a(chǎn)re more likely to dream about wildlife

C．tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

D．a(chǎn)re less likely to be involved in bullying

【小題5】What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

A．Find more effective drugs for them.

B．Provide more green spaces for them.

C．Place them under more personal care.

D．Engage them in more meaningful activities

【小題6】In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

A．They look on life optimistically.	B．They enjoy a life of better quality.
C．They are able to live longer.	D．They become good-humored

　　 A little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox. While creating roads in the soft sand, he 　36 a large rock in the middle of the sandbox.

　　　 The boy 　37 around the rock, managing to move it out from the dirt. With much 　38 , he tried to push the rock out of the sandbox. When the boy got the rock to the edge(邊緣) of the sandbox, 　39 , he found that he couldn’t 　40 it up and over the little wall. The rock was too 　41 for his small body.

　　　 As he 　42 to accept his failure, the little boy dug, pushed, and pried(撬動(dòng)), but every time he thought he had made some 　43 , the rock rolled and then fell back into the sandbox. The little boy 　44 again and again, but the only 　45 was to have the rock roll back.

　　　 46 , he burst into tears. All this time the boy’s father 　47 him from his living room. The moment the tears fell, a 　48 voice rose above the boy’s head. It was his father. 49 , but firmly(堅(jiān)定地) he said, “Son, why didn’t you use all the 　50 that you had? The boy replied with tears, “But I did, Daddy, I did! I 　51 all that I had!” “No, son, you didn’t,” 52 the father kindly. “You didn’t 　53 me to help you.” With that the father picked up the rock and 　54 it out of the sandbox.

　　　 Are you discovering that you don’t have the strength to move your “rocks” away? There is ONE who is always willing to 　55 you with the strength you need. We also need that strength, especially in our daily life.

36. A. hid　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. left C. put D. discovered

37. A. walked　　　　　　　　　　　 B. jumped　　　　　　　　　　 C. traveled　　　　　　　　　 D. dug

38. A. courage　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. pride　　　　　　　　　　　 C. effort D. pleasure

39. A. however　　　　　　　　　 B. still　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. thus　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. even

40. A. put　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. raise C. take D. break

41. A. large　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. difficult　　　　　　　　　 C. hard　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. much

42. A. decided　　　　　　　　　　 B. refused　　　　　　　　　　 C. agreed D. planned

43. A. inventions　　　　　　　　 B. progress　　　　　　　　　 C. mistakes 　　　　　　　　 D. changes

44. A. tried　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. failed　　　　　　　　　　　 C. thought　　　　　　　　　 D. started

45. A. success　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. goal　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. result D. wish

46. A. Gradually　　　　　　　　　 B. lately　　　　　　　　　　　 C. Properly　　　　　　　　　 D. Finally

47. A. watched　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. helped　　　　　　　　　　 C. followed D. taught

48. A. loud　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. happy　　　　　　　　　　　 C. sweet　　　　　　　　　　　 D. strict

49. A. Angrily　　　　　　　　　　　 B. Movingly　　　　　　　　 C. Suddenly　　　　　　　　 D. Gently

50. A. knowledge　　　　　　　　 B. strength　　　　　　　　　 C. tools　　　　　　　　　　　 D. ability

51. A. wasted　　　　　　　　　　　 B. brought　　　　　　　　　 C. used　　　　　　　　　　　 D. carried

52. A. replied　　　　　　　　　　　 B. corrected　　　　　　　　 C. shouted　　　　　　　　　 D. praised

53. A. advise　　　　　　　　　　　 B. force　　　　　　　　　　　 C. ask　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. want

54. A. collected　　　　　　　　　 B. threw　　　　　　　　　　　 C. chose　　　　　　　　　　　 D. broke

55. A. provide　　　　　　　　　　 B. lend　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. show　　　　　　　　　　　 D. pass

閱讀理解：

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　June 26

　　Last night when I was reading before the fire, a strange noise on the porch (走廊) outside announced (宣告) an unexpected visitor. When I looked up from the page, I came face to face with a bear looking in the window. It stood on its back legs, only a thin pane (框格玻璃) of glass between us. I grabbed the fire poker (撥火棒) and ran up into the loft (閣樓), pulling the ladder up behind me.

　　The bear must have been as frightened of me as I was of him because I heard him dash (hurry) off the porch. I waited a while, went quickly back down to put out the lamp, then back up again. I kept the ladder upstairs all night and slept badly, thinking the bear would be back any minute.

　　July 9

　　The bear or bears were back last night. They didn't get the little food I had left, but they did clamber (爬動(dòng)) about on the porch. I discovered claw (爪) marks on the wooden board that I had fixed over the window...

　　July 12

　　...I ran into a bear cub (幼仔) this afternoon. On my way to the car we just crossed each other's path. I could have reached out and stroked him. In fact, this was my first reaction (反應(yīng)), he looked so friendly and cuddly (可以擁抱的) . Fortunately, I knew better, one thing I learnt from a Disney film: never play with a bear cub because the mama is always nearby. She was. I saw her cross the creek (小溪) and move up the hill as I ran to the car and shut the door behind me....

1．On June 26, when the speaker was reading, a bear ________.

[　　]

A．came into his room

B．touched his face

C．was kept away from him by only a thin pane of glass

D．stood on its back legs and pulled the ladder up

2．The bear came and then went away quickly because ________.

[　　]

A．the speaker threatened the animal

B．the bear could not catch the man

C．the ladder was kept upstairs all night

D．the bear was also frightened

3．On July 9, the bears were back again and his time ________.

[　　]

A．the man was obviously ready to fight them

B．the man was very friendly to them

C．the man was still frightened and fixed a wooden board over the window of his room

D．the bears ate the food left by the man

4．On July 12, when the man met a bear cub, ________.

[　　]

5．A suitable title for the passage is ________.

[　　]

 David jumped _____ to get the first ______ the beginning of the sports.

　 A. enough high; in 　 B. enough highly; in

　 C. high enough; at 　 D. highly enough; at

——What about _________ job??

　——It?s too difficult _________ job for me.?

　 A. the； a 　 B. the； the  C. a； the 　 D. a； a