Ways to Burn More Calories

Run through water

Running in water is one of the toughest activities you can perform because the wet stuff is about 12 to 15 times as resistant (具有阻力的) as air. Try your hardest to run and you can burn about 17 calories per minute.

Start fast

Don’t be fooled — slow and steady won’t win the race. A recent study found that after a short warm-up, cyclists who rode hard during the first half of their workouts and then slowed for the second half burned about 10 percent more calories than those who started slow and finished fast.

Take to the sand

Here is some easy-to-remember advice on burning calories: the softer the surface, the more you burn. By walking or running on the beach, you can use up 20 to 50 percent more calories than you do going at the same pace on a hard trail.

Shut up and dance

Here’s the perfect excuse to sign up for that hip-hop dance class you’ve been eager to try. Surprising your body with new activities — dance, a new sport, you name it — forces it to work harder because it’s doing unfamiliar movements and using muscle groups in different ways.

Use your arms

Getting both your upper and lower body involved can provide a big calorie-burning advantage. So if you’re short of time or want to get everything you can out of your usual 45-minute workout, try total-body activities such as rowing ormming. You can evenng your arms as hard as you can while you walk.

How can water help you burn more calories?

A. By pushing your body.

B. By wetting your clothes and shoes.

C. By forcing you to run faster.

D. By forcing your body to work harder.

What does “it” in Part 4 refer to?

A. Dance.   B. Movement.   C. Body.   D. Muscle.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. One can burn more calories when walking on the sand than on land.

B. One can burn more calories when walking on stones than on earth.

C. One can burn more calories when running in water than on the sand.

D. One can burn more calories when exercising using the upper body than using the lower body.

Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road.    21  she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student   22   to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. No   23    tire.

At this time, a car    24   . Paul and Diane told Clay to   25   them to a service station near their   26   .They arrived to see that it had no suitable tires to   27   with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul. The couple called around to find a tire. No     28  . They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a   29   of keys, “Take our car. We   30   be using it over the holiday.”

Clay was   31   .“But I’m going all the way to South Carolina, and I’ll be gone for two weeks,” she   32   them.

“We know,” Paul said. “We’ll be   33   when you get back. Here’s our number if you need to   34  us.”

Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the   35   put her luggage into their car and then   36   her off. Two weeks later she   37   to find her old car cleaned inside and outside with three new tires and the radio     38  .

“Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I   39   you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, “we don’t want any money. It’s our   40   . ” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to help others who need help.

1.A. Suddenly         B. Finally        C. Immediately          D. Fortunately

2.A. afforded              B. wanted          C. allowed               D. managed

3.A. spare                B. free             C. full                 D. empty

4.A. passed               B. stopped          C. paused                  D. started

5.A. help                 B. push             C. take                   D. follow

6.A. garage                B. house            C. shop                   D. hotel

7.A. agree                B. match           C. go                  D. deal

8.A. way                 B. message          C. success                D. luck

9.A. set                  B. number          C. pair                   D. chain

10.A. can’t               B. shouldn’t        C. mustn’t                   D. won’t

11.A. satisfied                     B. worried          C. astonished               D. disturbed

12.A. persuaded         B. advised          C. reminded            D. promised

13.A. happy               B. here             C. away                 D. busy

14.A. get in touch with   B. keep in touch with

         C. be in touch with    D. put in touch with

15.A. repairmen        B. cleaners          C. friends                 D. couple

16.A. sent                 B. shook             C. watched                D. drove

17.A. shocked            B. happened      C. returned             D. came

18.A. loaded                      B. fixed              C. tied                  D. rebuilt

19.A. owe                        B. lend            C. give                        D. offer

20.A. wish                   B. job                  C. duty                   D. pleasure

 

 

Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.

Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(觀察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.

The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.

Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.

When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.

As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.

55．Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate________.

A．children’s and adults’ eye-sight

B．people’s ability to see accurately

C．children’s and adults’ brains

D．the influence of people’s age

56．When asked to find the larger circle,___________.

A．children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around

B．only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around

C．children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around

D．a(chǎn)dults got it right most of the time with gray ones around

57．Visual context may work when children get older than________.

A．4                                     B．6                                     C．10                                   D．18

58．Why are younger children not fooled ?

A．Because they are smarter than older children and adults.

B．Because older people are influenced by their experience.

C．Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.

D．Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

 

If you want to improve your child’s results at school, you could do a lot worse than ensuring that they do plenty of exercise. Scientists have already shown that physical activity can make you brainier. But a team in America has used scans to show that an important part of the brain actually grows in children who are fit. These youngsters tend to be more intelligent and have better memories than those who are inactive.

　　Scientists also found that one of the most important parts of their brains was 12 percent larger than those of unfit children. They believe that encouraging children to take exercise from a very young age could help them do better at school later. Researchers from the University of Illinois, in the U.S., studied the brains of 49 children aged nine and ten using a magnetic resonance imaging scan (核磁共振攝影掃描), a technique which provides very detailed pictures of organs and tissues in the body.

　　They also tested the fitness levels of the children by making them run on a treadmill (跑步機(jī)). The scientists found that the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for memory and learning, was around 12 percent larger in the fitter children.

　　Professor Art Kramer, who led the study published in the journal Brain Research, said the findings had important implications for encouraging individuals to take part in sport from a young age. “We knew that experience and environmental factors and socioeconomic status all impact brain development,” he said. “If you get some terrible genes from your parents, you can’t really fix that, and it’s not easy to do something about your economic status. But here’s something that we can do something about.”

If you want to improve your children’s result in school, ____________.

A. it is worse to ensure that they do plenty of exercise

B. you can have their brain scanned

C. it could be better to make sure that they do a lot of exercise

D. you can do a lot except ensuring that they do exercise

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The fitness level of the children is linked to their intelligence.

B. Children who have a larger hippocampus will probably have better memories.

C. You can do something about the genes from your parents.

D. Unhealthy children will probably have a smaller hippocampus than others.

All the following factors that have some influence on one’s brain are mentioned EXCEPT ____________.

A. genetic factor    B. economic status   C. physical fitness  D. economic development

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Fruit also makes up a flowering plant. It carries the seeds . The purpose of fruit is to protect a plant’s seeds and help them get spread about. Wind and water spread seeds .So do animals when they eat fruit and drop the seeds .

There are two main types of fruit: fleshy and dry. Fleshy fruits are soft and juicy , the way we usually think of fruits . Peaches ,plums ,and apples are all fleshy fruits . Dry fruits are thin and hard . Grains like wheat and rice , or nuts are dry fruits.

You’ve eaten seedless oranges and grapes . How can they be fruits? It’s because people have changed the way they grow fruit. They can now grow seedless fruit . Seedless fruit comes from special plants called hybrids(雜交生物體) . A hybrid is made by combining two varieties of a fruit to form a new variety . This hybrid grows and produces seeds . But the plants grown from these seeds are seedless . These plants cannot reproduce themselves.

A tomato is a vegetable , right? No , it’s actually a fruit . Other food we think of as vegetables—such as squash , peppers ,and eggplant—also are fruit . They’re fruit because they carry seeds and develop from flowers . Here’s another surprise . Scientists classify the tomato as a berry(漿果) . In addition , they don’t consider some fruits we call berries to be true berries because a berry is normally a type of fruit with a lot of seeds inside it . Technically , a strawberry , isn’t a berry , because it has its seeds on the outside . The red part is just the tip of the strawberry stem that’s enlarged.

Fruits are a source of nourishing(滋養(yǎng)) substances that keep us alive and healthy . For example , they contain many vitamins , especially vitamins A and C, and many minerals . They also provide fibre for a healthy digestive system and carbohydrates that the body needs to make energy.

Title：
Basic knowledge	Being       of a flowering plant and carrying seeds. Protecting a plant’s seeds and helping spread them about. Mainly      on wind , water and animals to spread.
	Fleshy fruit :Juicy and        , like peaches , plums ,apples ,etc . Dry fruit : Thin and hard , like wheat ,rice , nuts ,etc .
Fruit   seeds	Coming from a       ,which is made by combining two kinds of fruit to form a new kind.
Some surprises	Tomato , squash ,peppers and eggplant are fruits because they carry seeds and develop from      . Some fruits like strawberry aren’t technically berries because they have seeds on the        .
Being     to humans	Keeping people alive and       . Providing vitamins , fiber and carbohydrates.