Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene（場(chǎng)景）, but each perceives（察覺(jué)）something different about it.

　　 Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket（罰單）. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow（拉著）. For perception（感知） is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses—in this case our eyes—tell us.

　　 Many psychologists（心理學(xué)家） today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

1.Perceiving is an action that takes place _____.

A．in our eyes

B．only when we think very hard about something

C．only under the direction of a psychologist

D．in every person’s mind

2.People perceive different things about the same scene because ____.

A．they see different things.

B．they can not agree about things

C．some have better eyesight

D．none of these

3.Psychologists study perception by _____.

A．setting up many experiments.

B．a(chǎn)sking each other what they see.

C．looking out of windows.

D．Studying people’s eyes.

4.The best title for this article is _____.

A．How We See

B．Learning About Our Minds Through Science

C．What Psychologists Perceive

D．How To Become An Experimental Psychologist

 

Mary was four years old．Her neighbor，Donald owned a   1   company．One day Donald gave Mary a new toy．Mary played with it．She said，“This is fun!” A few weeks   2   Donald gave her another toy．She played with it and said．“I don’t like this toy．It doesn’t work．” She was a（an）  3    little girl．Donald liked her honesty，and they became    4  ．For years Donald gave Mary new toys，and she gave him very good ideas   5   the toys．

__ 6    Mary was thirteen years old，Donald showed her a new ball．The ball   7   a balloon inside it．Mary wanted to fill the balloon with water．She wanted to   8   the ball different colors．She wanted to put rice in it to make it noisy．The company made these   9    and sold thousands of the balls．

That Christmas，Donald gave Mary a   10   gift．He made her a vice（副的）president of the toy company．Her job was to see   11   the new toys were fun．She made $200,000 a year．She    12    for three hours a day at her job，and then she had to do her homework．Mary was   13  ，but she also spent time with her family．  14   parents taught her that working hard and doing your best is very important．

Today Mary works at a college．She   15    students make decisions about their careers（生涯）．Today the little president with bright ideas helps students think about their future．

1．A．computer                 B．toy                      C．ball                        D．balloon

2．A．later                      B．a(chǎn)fter                    C．before                    D．a(chǎn)go

3．A．shy                       B．honest                 C．quiet                      D．a(chǎn)ctive

4．A．neighbors              B．relations               C．friends                   D．classmates

5．A．to                         B．a(chǎn)t                        C．over                    D．a(chǎn)bout

6．A．Whether                B．While                    C．When                    D．Whenever

7．A．had                       B．put                      C．made                     D．sold

8．A．paint                     B．treat                    C．imagine                  D．think

9．A．cards                    B．changes                 C．conversations         D．mistakes

10．A．great                   B．same                   C．common                D．simple

11．A．what                   B．who                    C．which                    D．if

12．A．sang                    B．danced                 C．worked                  D．slept

13．A．happy                   B．a(chǎn)ngry                   C．busy                      D．free

14．A．His                      B．Her                      C．Their                     D．Your

15．A．sees                    B．hears                   C．feels                      D．helps

People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on the earth，and celebrate them in many different ways．

In China and in Japan，for example，the arrival of the New Year is more（A）________ than a person's birthday．So everyone adds a year to their ages on New Year's Day，instead of on their birthdays．

In Brazil，the special birthday（B）________ isn't a birthday cake，bet special candies．In China，it's long noodles（C）為了長(zhǎng)壽．In Iceland，people have pancakes with candies rolled inside on birthdays．

In Britain，a birthday is an all-day celebration．At school，the birthday child is lifted up by his classmates．In Israel，the same custom is followed．（D）but the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair．

In Holland，children not only get presents，but give things out，too．They give cakes，cookies and candies to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays．

In Mexico，it's good luck to give birthday greetings as early on the day as possible．So it's usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by friends singing birthday songs．

In India，birthday celebrations also begin（E）quite early．Prayers and blessings must be said before morning（F）comes．

In Thailand，two tall candles are lighted at night before a birthday．One is as tall as the birthday person．If（G）it goes out early，it's bad luck．Another custom of Thailand is that they buy living fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person flees them，and it brings good luck．

In Nigeria，persons in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together on a certain day．

In many countries，birthday customs are changing．But one thing never changes--birthdays are special days for every birthday person!

1．在文中A和B的空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：__________；__________

2．將文中劃線部分C譯成英語(yǔ)：________________________________________

3．將劃線部分D改寫為：but people __________ and __________ the birthday person while the person is sluing in a chair．

4．寫出文中劃線詞E和F的同義詞或近義詞：__________；__________

5．劃線部分G在文中指代的是：________________________________________

In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性別) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.
Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical(數(shù)學(xué)的) ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally(通常) see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.
What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神經(jīng)) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(創(chuàng)造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are.
【小題1】Which of the following is best to outline(概括) the article?

A．Research on the Brain

B．Differences Between Men and Women

C．People’s Different Brains

D．Who Are Better, Boys or Girls

【小題2】___________ men and women think differently.

A．sex makes

B．The different brains make

C．The different experiences make

D．The influences(影響) of society make

【小題3】According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at ________ in your school.

A．mathematics

B．physics

C．English

D．Chemistry

【小題4】Which of the following is true?

A．The left side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls.

B．The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys.

C．Men are better than women in all things.

D．The area in girls used for language skills develops better.

【小題5】In men and women the number of nerves connecting the halves of brain________ .

A．is the same

B．is different

C．is zero

D．can’t be found out

In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性別) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.
Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical(數(shù)學(xué)的) ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally(通常) see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.
What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神經(jīng)) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(創(chuàng)造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are.
【小題1】Which of the following is best to outline(概括) the article?

A．Research on the Brain

B．Differences Between Men and Women

C．People’s Different Brains

D．Who Are Better, Boys or Girls

【小題2】___________ men and women think differently.

A．sex makes

B．The different brains make

C．The different experiences make

D．The influences(影響) of society make

【小題3】According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at ________ in your school.

A．mathematics

B．physics

C．English

D．Chemistry

【小題4】Which of the following is true?

A．The left side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls.

B．The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys.

C．Men are better than women in all things.

D．The area in girls used for language skills develops better.

【小題5】In men and women the number of nerves connecting the halves of brain________ .

A．is the same

B．is different

C．is zero

D．can’t be found out