How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒險(xiǎn)的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.

    So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (計(jì)量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.

    In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.

    The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (設(shè)計(jì)) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.

    These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!

1.What was drawn in the earliest maps?

A. Stars.                             

B. Landmarks.

C. Cities and towns,                    

D. Mountains and rivers.

2.When did road maps come out?

A. Around 15th and 16th centuries.         

B. When people began to travel by train.

C. When people began to travel by sea.      

D. When cities and towns appeared.

3.Which of the following is true?

    A. A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.

    B. Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.

    C. The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.

    D. Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Maps have a long history.           

B. We never get lost these days.

C. We can't travel without maps.          

D. Henry Beck designed a new map.

 

In Europe many people died during the Second World War. As a result, at the end of the war there were many orphans（孤兒）there. A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help these children. His idea was simple. He wanted orphans to have a home, and he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents. Gmeiner asked people to give him some money. With this money he built the first SOS Children’s Village at Imst, in Austria. It opened in1949. This is how the SOS stand for “Save Our Souls（靈魂）.” This means “Please help us!” An SOS Children’ village gives help to orphans.

Hermann Gmeiner’s idea for helping orphans soon spread（傳播）all over the world. By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children’s Villages in the world. People in many countries give money to help the villages. Today the children from the first village have grown up. Now some of them work in other SOS Children’s Villages.

In SOS Villages orphans live in family groups. There are several houses in each village. The biggest village has 40 or 50 houses! Between seven and ten children live in a house. A woman lives with each group of children and looks after them. She gives the children a lot of love and kindness. She cooks meals for them and makes comfortable, happy home for them.

Of course, the children don’t spend all their time in the village. They go to school, they go out with their friends. But the village gives them a home—sometimes for the first time in their lives.

1.Which of the following came last?

A. People gave Gmeiner some money.   B. There were many orphans at the end of the war

C. Gmeiner built the first SOS Children’s Village

D. A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help the orphans

2.An orphan is a child     .

A. who has no brother   B. who has no sister  C. who has no parents   D. all of the above

3.We can conclude（推論）from the article that the money for helping the SOS Villages mainly comes from       .

A. governments                               B. special organization

C. the orphans themselves                       D. people in general（大體上）

4.Which of the following can best summarize（總結(jié)） the work a woman in an SOS Village does for each group of children?

A. She gives the children a lot of love and kindness  B. She lives with each group of children

C. She cooks meals for children                  D. She looks after them

 

In Europe many people died during the Second World War. As a result, at the end of the war there were many orphans（孤兒）there. A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help these children. His idea was simple. He wanted orphans to have a home, and he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents. Gmeiner asked people to give him some money. With this money he built the first SOS Children’s Village at Imst, in Austria. It opened in1949. This is how the SOS stand for “Save Our Souls（靈魂）.” This means “Please help us!” An SOS Children’ village gives help to orphans.
Hermann Gmeiner’s idea for helping orphans soon spread（傳播）all over the world. By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children’s Villages in the world. People in many countries give money to help the villages. Today the children from the first village have grown up. Now some of them work in other SOS Children’s Villages.
In SOS Villages orphans live in family groups. There are several houses in each village. The biggest village has 40 or 50 houses! Between seven and ten children live in a house. A woman lives with each group of children and looks after them. She gives the children a lot of love and kindness. She cooks meals for them and makes comfortable, happy home for them.
Of course, the children don’t spend all their time in the village. They go to school, they go out with their friends. But the village gives them a home—sometimes for the first time in their lives.
【小題1】Which of the following came last?

A．People gave Gmeiner some money.

B．There were many orphans at the end of the war

C．Gmeiner built the first SOS Children’s Village

D．A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help the orphans

【小題2】An orphan is a child    .

A．who has no brother

B．who has no sister

C．who has no parents

D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

【小題3】We can conclude（推論）from the article that the money for helping the SOS Villages mainly comes from       .

A．governments	B．special organization
C．the orphans themselves	D．people in general（大體上）

【小題4】Which of the following can best summarize（總結(jié)） the work a woman in an SOS Village does for each group of children?

A．She gives the children a lot of love and kindness	B．She lives with each group of children
C．She cooks meals for children	D．She looks after them

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒險(xiǎn)的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (計(jì)量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (設(shè)計(jì)) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!
【小題1】What was drawn in the earliest maps?

A．Stars.

B．Landmarks.

C．Cities and towns,

D．Mountains and rivers.

【小題2】When did road maps come out?

A．Around 15th and 16th centuries.

B．When people began to travel by train.

C．When people began to travel by sea.

D．When cities and towns appeared.

【小題3】Which of the following is true?

A．A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.

B．Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.

C．The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.

D．Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.

【小題4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Maps have a long history.

B．We never get lost these days.

C．We can't travel without maps.

D．Henry Beck designed a new map.

English words don’t stay the same. People need new words for new ideas and new inventions. Different words come into use, or old words are used in a new way.

English can be changed by borrowing words from other languages. The word “tomato” was borrowed from Mexico and“tea”came from China and so on. Now new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries, too. New words are formed by adding two words together. “Countryside” and “earthquake” are made up of two parts. Sometimes new words are shorter forms of old words. The word  “photo” was made from “photograph” by cutting off the end of the longer word. “Plane” was made by cutting off the front part of “airplane”. The names of people and products can become new words, too. Our “sandwich” was named after a man called Sandwich and “sello tape”(透明膠帶) was a name given by the company that first made the product.

1.New English words are needed because _____.

A．people use old words in a new way

B．the population is bigger now

C．the old words are not enough

D．new ideas and new inventions appear all the time

2..Which of the following words came from China?

A．Tea.

B．Earthquake.

C．Airplane.

D．Sello tape.

3.How many ways of developing English words does the passage tell us?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

4..The main idea of this passage is _____.

A．that the English language is always changing

B．that there are new ideas in England today

C．how people name new products and inventions

D．how people use old words in a new way