7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
5、算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式(也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
3、若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如: “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式, 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
8、在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意: a number of“許多”,作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“…的數(shù)量”,主語(yǔ)是number,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
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