1、答案:broke。解析:此處考查一般過去式及動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化的用法。句子屬于典型句型be doing …when…結(jié)構(gòu),在when引導(dǎo)的句子中謂語要使用一般過去時(shí),空格處單詞是謂語功能,所以使用break的過去式broken。
3、括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞
當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞時(shí),一般判斷考查形容詞,如:
There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案:wonderful。解釋:括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞,但此空作系動(dòng)詞sounds的表語,所以要使用形容詞形式。
但有時(shí)也可能考查副詞、動(dòng)詞等。如:
A certain man planted a rose and watered it________( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.
答案:faithfully。解釋:括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞,但此空是作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞water,所以要變成副詞。注意:先將名詞faith變成形容詞faithful,然后再變成副詞faithfully。
[實(shí)例分析]
實(shí)例1: (廣東卷)
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night.
When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 .
短文解讀:本文是一篇記敘文,講述了作者在外旅行的一次經(jīng)歷。大意是:在一個(gè)窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤的小山村附近,作者的車壞了。幸運(yùn)的是,他受到了村民的熱情款待,并在一老太太家里度過了一個(gè)愉快的晚上。
[答案與解析]
2、括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞或副詞
如果括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞,一般是判斷考查副詞,即要變成副詞形式;如果括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是副詞,一般是判斷考察形容詞,即要變成形容詞形式。如:
“Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude).
答案:rudely。解釋:此處考查副詞作狀語的用法。括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞,要用來修飾動(dòng)詞said,所以要使用副詞形式。
但有時(shí)也要根據(jù)語境判斷是否要變成名詞或否定含義。如:
At last, her courage and _________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案:wisdom。解釋:括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞,但此空與前面的名詞courage是并列成分,一起充當(dāng)主語,所以要使用名詞形式wisdom。
1、括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞
當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要要判斷是謂語還是非謂語。
(1)當(dāng)考查的是謂語時(shí),首先要判斷其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。如:
Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.
答案:rejoined。解釋:此處考查作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)have chosen及從句的時(shí)間狀語in 1997,此空動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)如果考查非謂語,要判斷非謂語在句中的成分,根據(jù)不同成分使用適當(dāng)?shù)男问,其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多,有時(shí)也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或名詞,如:
Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
答案:Living。解釋:此處考查作非謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞live(生活)作原因狀語,與邏輯主語she是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞living。
4、根據(jù)固定搭配、典型句型確定動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞等
固定搭配的短語及習(xí)慣用法是屬于比較簡單的考點(diǎn),只要平時(shí)注意積累基本上就能答對(duì)。
如:
Volunteer work plays an important _______in America’s high school education.
答案:part。解釋:此處考查短語play a part in的搭配用法。
但要有時(shí)命題者會(huì)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)增加一些難度,在短語之間插入其他一些成分,或?qū)⒐潭ㄟB用的短語分隔開來,這一點(diǎn)也需注意。
Some parents tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They are all dead! There is nothing you can do!” ________each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.
答案:To。解釋:此處考查短語respond to的固定搭配。由于賓語each parent放在了句首,短語被拆開,所以難度加大了許多。
3、根據(jù)句子類型確定詞類
若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句之間是逗號(hào),可以判斷,一定是填連詞。連詞有兩類,一種是并列連詞,一種是從屬連詞。我們可以根據(jù)句子的類型判斷所要填的詞類。主要有以下幾種句型:
(1) 并列句:并列句一般由簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句構(gòu)成,有時(shí)并列連詞前有逗號(hào),可以根據(jù)上下句的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系判斷連詞,如同等關(guān)系(and)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but)、選擇關(guān)系(or)、因果關(guān)系(so)等。如:
“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.
答案:so。解釋:根據(jù)上下句的語義可以判斷是因果關(guān)系,所以使用so。句意為“這些學(xué)生不會(huì)講廣州話,所以,為了跟他們交朋友,我不得不講普通話”。
(2) 狀語從句:當(dāng)確定為狀語從句后,就要通過語境理解,判斷上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的或其他,最后確定從屬連詞。如:
_______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down there was a rock.
答案:As/When。解釋:根據(jù)前后兩個(gè)都是簡單句可以判斷是缺從屬連詞,從第一句的含義來看,是表示時(shí)間的狀語從句,所以使用as/when。
(3) 名詞性從句:當(dāng)確定為名詞性從句后,可以分析從句是否缺主語、賓語或表語,如果缺以上成分,一般情況下要使用what,有時(shí)可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺以上成分,則考慮句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that,意思不完整的則考慮where, why, how, because等。如:
I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
答案:what。解釋:此處考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句中缺表示物的主語,所以使用what。
(4)定語從句:當(dāng)確定為定語從句后,首先要看看先行詞指人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),還是其他,然后判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的成分,再根據(jù)定語從句的有關(guān)規(guī)則確定使用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。如:
However, Cheung, _______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.
答案:who。解釋:此處考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法。由于先行詞是人Cheung(張),引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以使用who。
2、根據(jù)句子成分確定詞性
對(duì)于純空格形式的填空,在確定詞義后,還要判斷所填詞的詞性。詞性的判斷主要是通過分析句子的成分來確定。一般情況下可以作如下分析:
(1)主語和賓語一般由名詞、代詞充當(dāng),有時(shí)也有動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語。如:
From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _____.
答案:themselves。解釋:此處考查代詞作賓語的用法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語是they,謂語是are free,to relax and enjoy _____是目的狀語,在這個(gè)狀語中缺賓語,再根據(jù)語境“周末時(shí)自由放松”,所以要使用反身代詞themselves。
(2)謂語主要是由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。在確定詞義后,要判斷其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由于題目要求每空只填一詞,所以時(shí)態(tài)一般只考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如:
She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.
答案:stands。解釋:此處考查作謂語的動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語境,此空含義是“站在(他身邊)”,即 stand 。同時(shí)根據(jù)前后句的時(shí)態(tài)可以判斷要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),由于主語是she,所以使用第三人稱單數(shù)stands。
但有時(shí)也可能涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞,如:
At midnight, I woke up to find the wife ________ soundly in her man’s embrace. I could see the smile of security on her face.
答案:sleeping。解釋:此處考查語境理解及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。根據(jù)語境“半夜我醒來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)那人的妻子正在她的男人的懷抱中熟睡”,所以使用動(dòng)詞sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞形式充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語。
(3)表語、定語和補(bǔ)語一般由形容詞充當(dāng),有時(shí)也有動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。如:
Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala___________ to millions of viewers.
答案:live。解釋:此處考查語境理解及形容詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語的用法。broadcast…live意為“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播”。
(4)狀語主要由副詞充當(dāng)。如:
He dug for 12 hours…24 hours. _______,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice.
答案:Eventually /Finally。解釋:此處考查語境理解及副詞充當(dāng)狀語的用法。從語境可以理解到此空含義是“終于,最后”,由于是修飾后面的整個(gè)句子,所以使用副詞形式。
1、根據(jù)語境判斷詞義
通過句意或語篇的要求確定單詞的含義,此種設(shè)計(jì)考查點(diǎn)包括實(shí)詞和虛詞。值得注意的是,有時(shí)通過句子本身或上下兩個(gè)句子就可以確定詞義,但有時(shí)要通過幾個(gè)句子、一個(gè)段落甚至整個(gè)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)才能確定。
判斷詞義可以通過定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定。
(1)定義法:定義法是指通過定義解釋、定語從句、同位語等判斷詞義,這類詞主要是名詞,如:
We are all in the position of the_______. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we’ll get a useless crop. If we don’t plant anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.
答案:farmer。解釋:通過后面句子的含義解釋可以確定空格詞義是“農(nóng)夫、農(nóng)民”,特別是幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“plant, seed, harvest”與farmer的工作特點(diǎn)是完全一致的。
(2)對(duì)比法:對(duì)比法指通過句子的對(duì)比關(guān)系來判斷所缺單詞的詞義,通?梢酝ㄟ^一些連詞或副詞來判斷,如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。如:
There are more _____________ teachers in my schools than men teachers.
答案:women。解釋:通過對(duì)比后面的men teachers可以確定空格詞義是“女性的”,即名詞women作定語修飾teachers。
(3)因果法:指通過句子的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系或句子之間存在的因果關(guān)系來判斷詞義。如:
The museum was so______ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
答案:large。解釋:根據(jù)結(jié)果狀語從句的含義“不可能一天之內(nèi)看完所有的展品”可以判斷主句指的原因是“博物館太大了”。
(4)語境線索:即通過上下語境確定空格內(nèi)要填的詞義。如:
One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How _____ they are! You must clean them”.
答案:dirty。解釋:根據(jù)語境“看看你的鞋子、你必須把它們弄干凈”可以判斷空格處詞義是“臟的”,句意是“你的鞋子是多么臟!”。
(四)下圖是“某城市簡圖”。當(dāng)?shù)叵陌肽晔⑿袞|南風(fēng),冬半年盛行東北風(fēng)。讀圖,完成下列要求。(12分)
64.該城市商業(yè)區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)、居住區(qū)、綠地分別應(yīng)布局在圖中A、B、C、D的哪一個(gè)位置?
商業(yè)區(qū)
工業(yè)區(qū)
居住區(qū)
綠地 其作用是
65.該城市水廠、污水處理廠、重型機(jī)器廠和印刷廠分別應(yīng)布局在圖中①、②、③、④的哪一個(gè)位置?
水廠 理由是
污水處理廠
重型機(jī)器廠
印刷廠
66.在A、B、C、D四區(qū)中,土地價(jià)格最高的應(yīng)是____區(qū)。理由是
(五)根據(jù)我們學(xué)過的地理知識(shí),比較新興工業(yè)區(qū)與傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)區(qū)的差異。 (從工業(yè)分布、工業(yè)部門、生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)過程、資本集中程度等方面考慮,至少四個(gè)方面,以畫圖、列表、文字描述等方式均可):(4分)
(三)讀“1984-1995年我國流動(dòng)人口數(shù)量的變動(dòng)圖”(下右圖),完成下列要求:(12分)
60.從圖中看出這一時(shí)期,流動(dòng)人口數(shù)量呈 的趨勢(shì)。
61.這一時(shí)期人口遷移和流動(dòng)的主要方向:
①
②
③
62. 這一時(shí)期的主要人口遷入地區(qū)有
這些地區(qū)的拉力因素主要有
63.人口的遷移對(duì)遷入地和遷出地的影響分別是
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