Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage .

According to one study, words send only 7 percent of a person’s message. Intonation (語(yǔ)調(diào)) and voice quality communicate 38 percent, and nonverbal(not using or involving words) cues (暗示) transmit a large 55 percent. That means people pick up more from nonverbal communication than from the words a person says. When studying a foreign culture then, it just makes sense to pay attention to how people use nonverbal cues.

Gestures consist of a major form of nonverbal communication. But often these gestures are culture-bound. For example, when the Maoris of New Zealand stick out (伸出) their tongue at someone, it is a sign of respect. When American schoolchildren make the same gesture, it means just the opposite. Also, Americans often indicate “OK” with their thumb and fore-finger touching to form a circle. The same gesture means “money” to the Japanese and “zero” to the French. For that reason, people in a foreign culture must use gestures with caution.

Another part of nonverbal communication is the one that you might not think about — space. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he knocks into someone, he feels obligated (有義務(wù)的) to apologize. But the size of a person’s “comfort zone” varies, depending on his cultural or ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. People in Latin or Arabic cultures, instead, stand very close to each other and touch each other often.

Considering the effects of nonverbal communication, we never really stop communicating. How we walk, how we stand and how we use our hands all send a message to others. That’s why it’s possible to “read someone like a book”.

How does an American feel when an Arab stands too close to him ?（no more than 3 words）

_________________________________________________________

What does the gesture “OK” mean in Japan?  （no more than 3 words）

_________________________________________________________

Why do we pay more attention to nonverbal cues in a foreign country?（no more than 10 words）

_________________________________________________________

Why should people in a foreign culture must use gestures with caution?（no more than 10 words）

_________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to preserve their collective resources may provide important clues in the fight against climate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.

Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares 2009 Nobel prize with fellow American academic Oliver Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.

For Ostrom, the award came, as a "big surprise". To rise to the peak of her area of learning has been a big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the barriers of the system. At school in Los Angeles, she suffered from stuttering. She also faced the barriers common to most women of her generation entering the sciences --- she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.

Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.

What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. The findings of her research have been striking, as the Nobel committee pointed out, because they have challenged the traditional assumption that common property is poorly managed unless it is either controlled by government or privatized. She has shown how different individuals can band together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.

“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming.” Ostrom said , “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can be taking steps at family level, community level, civic and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”

81. How did Ostrom feel when she got the prize?  (not more than 3 words)

82. What does “cross-disciplinary” mean according to the passage?  (not more than 9 words)

83. Why was Ostrom advised not to take a PhD when she applied for graduate school?  (not more than 9 words)

84. Why was Ostrom awarded the Nobel prize for economics?  (not more than 16 words)

Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage．

Secret Santas

On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them．Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says．

"It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous （匿名的） basis," says Linda．"It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays．"

Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto．As the name suggests, members are U．S．citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service．

To find her "adopted" family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive．Last year she helped a single mother with three children．The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home．

"The list is always heartbreaking．They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys," she says．"We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves．" She also buys gifts for the parents．

Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics．"Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime．" She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest．"I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this," says Linda．"Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live．"

The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous．

What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? （No more than 5 words）

（2 marks）．

Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto?

（No more than 10 words）                                   （2 marks）

Why did Linda ask for a second wish list? （No more than 15words）

（3 marks）

What kind of people does "secret Santas" in the passage refer to?

（No more than 12 words）                                       （3 marks）

  Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Few places have as much ancient history and modern knowledge to offer to students as Egypt. In addition to being the site of many of the world’s greatest wonders, Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest Islamic institutions for higher studies. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the ruler of Sunni Muslims all over the world.

Al-Azhar University had long been known as the most archaic university in the world until 2004, when archaeologists unearthed the site of what was believed to be the first ever ivory tower in the world in the northern seaside city of Alexandria.

What the archaeological team found were 13 lecture halls that could accommodate up to 5,000 students each. These lecture halls are believed to be the University of Alexandria, home of famous Greek scholars like Archimedes and Euclid during the ancient city’s golden era.

This discovery shows that Egypt was a centre for education and learning in the early world civilizations. Its tradition of scholarship was evident even from the Pharaonic Age（法老時(shí)代）, which boasted engineering wonders such as the pyramids as well as the scientific wonder of mummies, all of which still exist tod ay.

During the Islamic Age, Egypt became the regional academic centre for Islamic study and Arabic language and literature. Her popularity with scholars from all over the world grew with the establishment of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, in 975.

Today, it remains a popular destination for international scholars, especially those from the Arab world, Africa, Asia and Europe, but like most modern Egyptian universities, Al-Azhar has been equipped with the latest technologies to cope with new demands from the modern world, and is an ideal place for students from all over the world.

Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “ archaic” .(one word)

Why has Al-Azhar been equipped with the latest technologies?(no more than 9 word)

What is the passage mainly about ?(no more than 6 word)

What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?(no more than 9 word)

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice Project
A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.
A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.
Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.
Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.
Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.
Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.
I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 
It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)
【小題1】In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words)  (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【小題2】What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words)  (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【小題3】According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?
(No more than 6 words)  (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【小題4】 How would Podell promote her project in New York?  (No more than 15 words)  (3 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage.? Answer the. questions according to the information given in the passage.

????? As an English teacher. I've been lucky enough to travel to many countries. I've seen people celebrating everything from the arrival of new babies to the delivery of new cars. I've attended weddings, parties and religious celebrations in countries as far apart as Argentina and Japan, and I've noticed that gold - the metal or the colour is almost always part of cultural events, traditions and celebrations.

????? From? 'mashallah'? gold tokens(紀(jì)念品)? that people give to babies in Turkey,? to the gold stars that primary teachers stick on their students' exercise books. to the gold coffin that the 'King of Pop' Michael Jackson was buried in. it makes me wonder: Why do people love gold?

????? For some people, gold seems to be a status symbol. Indian businessman Datta Phuge loves gold so much that he's even bought a shirt made of the stuff-at a cost of $ 250,000. Datta Phuge has his reasons.?? He explains :? "Some elite (杰出人物)people want to own an Audi or Mercedes(奔馳) and have big cars. I chose gold. "

????? For other people, gold is an investment.? The price of gold generally increases over time-and in European markets it reached over $ 1,500 per ounce in 2011.

????? And for many people, the family heirloom(傳家寶)brings together status and investment. My mother has a gold bracelet that was given to her by her grandmother-who, in turn. inherited it from her own grandmother.?? It's quite a heavy piece and probably worth quite a lot of money.? But its sentimental value is greater than its value in dollars:? It ' s a beautiful object that holds many family memories. When the time comes, my mum will give the bracelet to me.

???? So, status and investment are good reasons to value gold. But, I think that the real reason people love gold is because it can be made into beautiful objects.? Think about Tutankhamen' s death mask. People love gold because it captures our minds, our imaginations and. above all, our hearts.

1. What did the writer observe while travelling in different countries7? ( No more than 15 words)

(2 marks)

2.Why did Indian businessman Datta Phuge buy a gold shirt? (No more than 7 words) (3 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________________

3.What does the writer think of her mother's gold bracelet? (No more than 7 words) (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. In the writer's opinion, why do people love gold? (No more than 17 words) (3 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit.

Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back the the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a larger store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain directly. In a chain store, ask to see the manager.

Even the bravest person finds it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.

If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to replace or repair the faulty article. You may find this an attractive solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some special loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say no. If you accept a credit note remember that later you will not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you, ask for advice from your Citizens’ Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back---if, for example, he changes an article simply because you don’t like it or it does not fit. He does not have to take back the goods in these circumstances.

1.When making a complaint, what had better you take with to see the person in charge?(No more than 8 words)? (2 marks)

__________________________________________________________________.

2.What are you advised to do if you are embarrassed to make a face-to-face complaint? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks)

__________________________________________________________________.

3.If you have not used the goods you make the complaint about, what are you likely to do?(No more than 14 words)? (3 marks)

__________________________________________________________________.

4.In what circumstance will you not get your money back? (No more than 7 words) (3 marks)

__________________________________________________________________.

 Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the

information given in the passage.

Secret Santas

      On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.

      "It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis," says Linda.

"It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays."

      Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.

      To find her "adopted" family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.

      "The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys," she says. "We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves." She also buys gifts for the parents.

      Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics. "Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime." She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest."I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this," says Linda. "Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live."

      The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.

1.What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have?

 (No more than 5 words)                                       (2 marks)

2.Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto?

 (No more than 10 words)                                      (2 marks)

3.Why did Linda ask for a second wish list?

(No more than 15 words)                                      (3 marks)

4.What kind of people does "secret Santas" in the passage refer to?

 (No more than 12 words)                                      (3 marks)

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice Project

A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.

A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.

Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.

Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.

Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.

Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.

I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 

It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)

1.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words)  (2 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________

2.What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words)  (3 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________

3.According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?

(No more than 6 words)  (2 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. How would Podell promote her project in New York?  (No more than 15 words)  (3 marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

I’m not a fast reader and I don’t read as much as many other people, but reading is something I enjoy. It opens new worlds to me and widens my perspective(洞察力,眼力).

Recently I found Kobo，an online book store that allows me to buy e-books and read them on a device of my choice. I’m a girl living in Indonesia, where e-books are not available and I had to buy physical books from Amazon in the past. There are two problems with it:

Shipping cost. Since I live far away from the United States, it costs a lot to ship a book. Shipping costs almost as much as the book itself.

Shipping time. It takes about three weeks for the books to arrive through postal mail.

Now with Kobo, I can eliminate those two problems. Not only does it cost less time and money to get the books, but also I prefer to read e-books this way than reading physical books. Here are three reasons why:

I can easily bring the books everywhere. Since all the books are in my iPod touch, I can simply put the device into my pocket and bring it everywhere I go.

The size is smaller. The size of the iPod Touch is smaller than a physical book. This makes reading more convenient for me.

I can read in any position I want. The iPod has a light source, so I can read when I am in darkness. This means that I can read in practically any position and condition.

One more advantage I haven’t mentioned is space. Physical books take space, but e-books don’t.

1.Why does the author like reading? (no more than 11 words)

_____________________________________________________

2.What are the problems with buying physical books from Amazon? (no more than 9 words)

_____________________________________________________

3.How can the author read when she is in darkness? (no more than 6 words)

_____________________________________________________

4.What’s the author’s attitude towards e-books? (no more than 1 word)

_____________________________________________________