One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world. But that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

1. Neville Alexander believes that lack of mother-tongue education can lead to          .

A. the independence of African states          B. economic failure

C. globalization                                        D. multi-language trends

2. The underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 most probably means          .

A. useless                     B. practical                   C. workable                  D. unnecessary

3. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts?

A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.

　B. They want their language to spread to other countries.

　C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.

　D. It reduces economic development of the countries in Europe.

4. The best title for the passage is “                 ”.

A. Fighting against the rule of English

B. Globalization and multi-language trends

C. Protecting local languages and identities

D. Ensuring the change of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world. But that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

1.Neville Alexander believes that lack of mother-tongue education can lead to          .

A. the independence of African states            B. economic failure

C. globalization                                           D. multi-language trends

2.The underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 most probably means          .

A. useless                B. practical                   C. workable                  D. unnecessary

3.Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts?

A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.

　B. They want their language to spread to other countries.

　C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.

　D. It reduces economic development of the countries in Europe.

4.The best title for the passage is “                 ”.

A. Fighting against the rule of English

B. Globalization and multi-language trends

C. Protecting local languages and identities

D. Ensuring the change of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend

1. 1.

   Neville Alexander believes that         

   1. A.
      mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
   2. B.
      lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
   3. C.
      globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trends
   4. D.
      globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
2. 2.

   The underlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “        “

   1. A.
      useless
   2. B.
      practical
   3. C.
      workable
   4. D.
      unnecessary
3. 3.

   Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?

   1. A.
      They think language protection laws are ineffective
   2. B.
      They want their language to spread to other countries
   3. C.
      They have a long history of taking words from other languages
   4. D.
      It reduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance
4. 4.

   What can we infer from the last paragraph?

   1. A.
      English has taken over fields like public communication and education
   2. B.
      Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages
   3. C.
      Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language
   4. D.
      Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English
5. 5.

   The main idea of the passage is       

   1. A.
      Fighting against the rule of English
   2. B.
      Globalization and multi-language trends
   3. C.
      Protecting local languages and identities
   4. D.
      To maintain the purity of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend．“One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states．” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town．

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade．In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters．One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then．Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process．

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law．Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language．English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world．But that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power．Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things．English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France．

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields．Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend．

1．Neville Alexander believes that lack of mother-tongue education can lead to _________．

       A．the independence of African states                                                                 B．economic failure

       C．globalization

       D．multi-language trends

2．The underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 most probably means _________．

       A．useless                B．practical              C．workable             D．unnecessary

3．Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts?

       A．They think language protection laws are ineffective．

　    B．They want their language to spread to other countries．

　    C．They have a long history of taking words from other languages．

　    D．It reduces economic development of the countries in Europe．

4．The best title for the passage is “_________________”．

       A．Fighting against the rule of English

       B．Globalization and multi-language trends

       C．Protecting local languages and identities

       D．Ensuring the change of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend．“One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states．"said Neville Alexander．Dutctor of the Project for the Study of Aitemative Education in South Africa at the  University of Cape Town．

       In response to the spread of English and  the increased  multi-language trends arising from Immigration．many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade．In some ,the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising  posters． One of the first such legal provisions was the  1994  " Toubon law'  in France．but the idea has been copied in many counties since then．Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts．Who are well aware of the difficulty of controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process．

       It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the 'purity" of a language by law．Since the time of Shakespeare．English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language．English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world．But the has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power．Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it bas never been the Aryllo-Saxon way of doing things．English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language,  similar, for example, to the Academie Francaise in France．

       The need to protect national languages is for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields．

       Public communication, educator and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend．

1．Neville Alexander believes that          ．

       A．mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries

       B．lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

       C．globalization has led to  the rise of multi-language trends

       D．globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa

2．The underlined word " futile"   （in paragraph 2）  most probably means "     "      A．useless     B．practice                                     C．workable         D．unnecessary

3．Why do many English-speaking; countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?

       A．They think language protection laws are ineffective．

       B．They want their language to spread to other countries．

       C．They have a long history of taking words from other languages．

       D．It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance．

4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

       A．English has taken over fields like public communication and education．

       B．Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national Languages．

       C．Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language．

       D．Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English．

5．The best title for the passage is       ．

       A．Fighting against the rule of English

       B．Globalization and multi-language trends

       C．Protecting local languages and identities

       D．to maintain the purity of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world. But that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

67. Neville Alexander believes that lack of mother-tongue education can lead to          .

A. the independence of African states          B. economic failure

C. globalization                                        D. multi-language trends

68. The underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 most probably means          .

A. useless                     B. practical                   C. workable                  D. unnecessary

69. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts?

A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.

　B. They want their language to spread to other countries.

　C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.

　D. It reduces economic development of the countries in Europe.

70. The best title for the passage is “                 ”.

A. Fighting against the rule of English

B. Globalization and multi-language trends

C. Protecting local languages and identities

D. Ensuring the change of language by law

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend．“One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states．" said Neville Alexander．Doctor of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the  University of Cape Town．

In response to the spread of English and  the increased  multi-language trends arising from Immigration ．many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade ．In some ,the use  of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising  posters． One of the first such legal provisions was the  1994 " Toubon law' in France．but the idea has been copied in many countries since then．Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts ．who are well aware of the difficulty of controlling fashions in speech and know  from research  that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process．

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the 'purity"  of a language by law． Since the time of Shakespeare ． English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language．English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world．But the  has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power．Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it bas never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things．English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academie Francaise in France．

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields．

Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend．

61．Neville Alexander believes that          ．

      A．mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries

      B．lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

     C．globalization has led to  the rise of multi-language trends

     D．globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa

62． The underlined word " futile"   （in paragraph 2）  most probably means " _____" ．

     A．useless              B．practical              C．workable            D．necessary

63．Why do many English-speaking; countries not support the language protection efforts described  in the passage?

     A．They think language protection laws are ineffective．

     B．They want their language to spread to other countries．

     C．They have a long history of taking words from other languages．

     D．It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance．

64．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

    A．English has taken over fields like public communication and education．

    B．Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national Languages．

    C．Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language．

    D．Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English．

65．The best title for the passage is          ．

    A．Fighting against the rule of English

    B．Globalization and multi-language trends

    C．Protecting local languages and identities

    D．to maintain the purity of language by law

D

One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

1.Neville Alexander believes that         .

A．mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries

B．lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

C．globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trends

D．globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa

2.The underlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “        “.     

A．useless           B．practical          C．workable          D．unnecessary

3.Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?

A．They think language protection laws are ineffective.

B．They want their language to spread to other countries.

C．They have a long history of taking words from other languages.

D．It reduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．English has taken over fields like public communication and education.

B．Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.

C．Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.

D．Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.

5.The main idea of the passage is       .  

A．Fighting against the rule of English

B．Globalization and multi-language trends

C．Protecting local languages and identities

D．To maintain the purity of language by law

D
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.
【小題1】Neville Alexander believes that         .

     One of the main challenges facing many coutries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that,with a few important exceptions,mother-tongue

education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander.Dutctor of the Project for the Study of Aitemative Education in South Africa at the  University of Cape Town.

     In response to the spread of English and  the increased  multi-language trends arising from Immigration . many countries have inuoduced language laws in the laws in the last decade .In some ,the use  of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaccs such as advertsing  posters.  One of the first such legal proviaions was the  1994  " Toubon law'  in France. but the idea hs been copied in many counuics since then. Such efrorts to govern language use are often

dismisscd as futile by language experts . who are well aware of the difficulty of controlling fashions in specch and know  from research  that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

       It is especiaLly difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the 'purity" of a language by law.  Since the time of Shakespeare . English has continually absorbed

foreign words into its own language. EngLish is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world. But the  has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it bas never been the Aryllo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled

autharity for the language,  similar, for example . to the Academie Francaise in France.

     The need to prorect national languages is for most western Europeansa recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields.

Public communication, educauon and new modcs of communication promoted by technology,may be key fields to defend.

46. Neville Alexander believes that___________.

      A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries

      B. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

      C. globalization has led to  the rise of multi-language trends

      D. globalization has resulted in the econonuc failure of Africa

47 .  The underlined word " futile"   (in paragraph 2)  most probably means "___________"     

A. useless     B. pracucal     C. workable     D. unnecessary

48. Why do many English-speaking; cuuntries not support the language protection efforts described  in the passage?

     A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.

     B. They want their language to spread to other countries.

     C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.

     D. It reduces a language's ability tO acquire intenatiunal importance.

49.what  can we infer from the last paragraph?

     A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.

     B. Europeans have long realizcd the need to protect their national Languages.

     C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.

     D. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.

50.  The best title for the passage is___________.

     A. Fighting against the rule of English

     B. GlobaLization and multi-language trends

     C. Protecting local languages and identities

     D. to maintain the purity of language by law