Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences .Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars . Often they relive (重新體驗) these experiences in nightmares .

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill ,which will help people forget bad memories . The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience . They hope it might reduce , or possible erase (抹去) the effect of painful memories .

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain . So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced , not that the memories are eased .

The research has caused a great deal of argument . Some think it is a bad idea , while others support it . Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war .

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories . “Some memories can ruin people’s lives . They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare . They usually come with very painful emotions ,” said Roger Pitman , a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering .”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (物質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past . “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are . I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser , a medical ethicist (倫理學(xué)家).

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases , it would become more and more common . “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joeph Le Doux, a New York University memory researcher . “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories .”

What’s the main idea of the text ?

      A．People often suffer from bad memories .

       B．American researchers are trying to develop a pill .

       C．Forget bad memories , and be happy .

       D．The research has cause a heated argument .

The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “       ”.

       A．the new drug          B．the research into the drug

       C．the memory            D．the chemical in the drug  

Which of the following is not the opinion of the supporters ?

       A．The pill can erase all the memories in the past

       B．Some memories can ruin people’s lives. The pill can relieve emotional suffering .

       C．The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories .

       D．The pill can also prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war

Which of the following is not the opinion of the opponents (反對者)?

       A．Our memories give us our identity .

       B．The memories help humanity avoid mistake of the past .

       C．The drug should be used in only very serious cases .

       D．People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out .

It could be inferred from the passage that         .

       A．the pill has been developed and will be more and more common

       B．the pill has helped soldiers forget bad experiences during the war .

       C．The pill is being tested on some people by some researchers .

       D．The pill will be forbidden because people have different opinions of it .

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people’s memories are affected.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

"Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."

But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people’s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.

The passage is mainly about               .

A. a new medical invention            

B. a new research on the pill

C. a way of wiping out painful memories 

 D. an argument about the research on the pill

The drug tested on people can            .

A. cause the brain to fix memories      

B. stop people remembering bad experiences

C. prevent body producing certain chemicals

D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

We can infer from the passage that            .

A. people doubt the effects of the pills

B. the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories

C. taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health

D. the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America

Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph ?

A. some memories can ruin people's lives.

B. people want to get rid of bad memories.

C. experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

D. the pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

You may probably read the passage in __________

A. a guidebook                          B. a textbook  

C. a medical magazine                    D. a science fiction

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive (重新體驗) these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase (抹去), the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,”said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at Harvard Medical School.“This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we'd want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (倫理學(xué)家).

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,”said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”

What’s the main idea of the text?

A. People often suffer from bad memories.

B. American researchers are trying to develop a pill.

C. Forget bad memories, and be happy.   

D. The research has caused a heated argument.

The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_____”.

A. the new drug                                 B. the research into the drug

C. the memory                          D. the chemical in the drug

Which of the following is not the opinion of the supporters?

A. The pill can erase all the memories in the past.

B. Some memories can ruin people’s life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

C. The pill can also help many people who suffer from terrible memories.

D. The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

Which of the following is not the opinion of the opponents (反對者)?

A. Our memories give us our identity.

B. The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past.

C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldier’ troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry（精神病學(xué)）at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity（特性）. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist（倫理學(xué)家）.

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph Le Doux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is to help people have better control of memories.”

What’s the main idea of this passage?

       A．People often suffer from bad memories.

       B．American researchers are trying to develop a pill.

       C．Forget bad memories, and be happy.

       D．The research has caused a heated argument.

The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “               ”.

       A．the new drug           B．the research into the drug

       C．the bad memory             D．the chemical in the drug

Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the supporters?

       A．The pill can erase all the memories in the past.

       B．Some memories can ruin people’s lives. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

       C．The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.

       D．The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

Which of the following is NOT the opinion of the opponents（反對者）？

       A．Our memories give us our identity.

       B．The memories help human avoid mistakes of the past.

       C．The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

       D．People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relieve these experiences in nightmare(夢魘).

   Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase(抹去) the effect of painful memories.

   In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

   The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

   Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

   “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of Psychiatry(精神病學(xué)) at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity(特質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist(倫理學(xué)家).

57. The passage is mainly about_____.

A. a new medical invention            

B. a new research on the pill

C. a way of erasing painful memories    

D. an argument about the research on the pill

58. The drug tested on people can_____.

   A. cause the brain to fix memories

   B. stop people remembering bad experiences

   C. prevent body producing certain chemicals

   D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories

59. We can infer from the passage that_____.

   A. people doubt the effects of the pills

   B. the pill will stop people’s bad experiences

   C. taking the pill will do harm to people’s health

   D. the pill has been produced in America

60. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?

   A. Some memories can ruin people’s lives

   B. People want to get rid of bad memories.

   C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

   D. The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Vi??olence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重溫) these experiences in nightmares.                       

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body re??leasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research had suggested that only the emo??tional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.

They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve(減緩) a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (倫理學(xué)家).

Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would be??come more and more common.“People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”

The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_____.”

A. the new drug                       B. the research into the drug

C. the memory                        D. the chemical in the drug

Which of the following is Not the opinion of the supporters?

A.The pill can erase all the memories in the past.

B.Some memories can ruin people's life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

C. The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.

D. The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

Which of the following is Not the opinion of the opponents (反對者) ?

A. Our memories give us our identity.

B. The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past.

C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.

Which of the following statements might be the main idea of the text?

A. People often suffer from bad memories.   

 B. The nightmares are terrible.

C. Forget bad memories and be happy.

D. The research has caused a heated argument.

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce ,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, While others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
"Some memories can ruin people's lives . They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
1. The passage is mainly about_____________.
A. a new medical invention          B. a new research on the pill
C. a way of erasing painful memories  D. an argument about the research on the pill
2. The drug tested on people can_____________.
A. cause the brain to fix memories
B. stop people remembering bad experiences
C. prevent body producing certain chemicals
D. Wipe out the emotional effects of memories
3. We can infer from the passage that_____________.
A. people doubt the effects of the pills
B. the pill will stop people's bad experiences
C. taking the pill will do harm to people's health
D. the pill has probably been produced in America
4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.
B. People want to get rid of bad memories.
C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.
D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad memories. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a scary events. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase, the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body producing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
   “Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman.
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories make us different from others. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure whether we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
46. What does the underlined word “erase” mean?
A. change           B. forgive               C. add              D. remove
47. The passage is mainly about _________.
A. a new medical invention                     B. a new research on the pill
C. the argument about the research on the pill         D. a way of erasing painful memories
48. The drug tested on people can _________.
A. cause the brain to fix memories                     B. stop people remembering bad events
C. prevent body producing certain chemicals         D. wipe out the bad memories
49. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Some people doubt if the pills should be used to help people forget bad memories.
B. The pill will stop people’s bad memories.
C. Taking the pill will do harm to people’s health.
D. The pill has been produced in America.
50. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
A. Some memories can ruin people’s lives.
B. People want to get rid of bad memories.
C. The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.
D. Having bad events makes us different from others.

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget
bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce ,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
“Some memories can ruin people's lives . They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
47. The passage is mainly about _________.
A. a new medical invention
B. a new research on the pill
C. a way of erasing painful memories
D. an argument about the research on the pill
48. The drug tested on people can __________.
A. cause the brain to fix memories
B. stop people remembering bad experiences
C. prevent body producing certain chemicals
D. Wipe out the emotional effects of memories
49. We can infer from the passage that ___________.
A. people doubt the effects of the pills
B. the pill will stop people's bad experiences
C. taking the pill will do harm to people's health
D. the pill has probably been produced in America
50. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.
B. People want to get rid of bad memories.
C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.
D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares（噩夢）.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing (釋放) chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people’s memories are affected.
The research has caused a great deal of argument（爭議）. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
"Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people’s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特質(zhì)). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
【小題1】 The passage is mainly about              .