2、Trees should only be pruned（修剪）when there is a good and clear reason fordoing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small．Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.

First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cur out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.

One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal（愈合）．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possible．It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference（妨礙）from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.

1．Why should pruning be done?

       A．To make the tree grow taller.                 B．To improve the shape of the tree.

       C．To get rid of the small branches.           D．To make the small branches thicker.

2．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener          .

       A．helps a wound to dry.

       B．covers a rough surface.

       C．damages some of the small side branches

       D．a(chǎn)llows too many branches to grow in the middle

3．Why is a special material painted on the tree?

       A．To help a wound to dry.                       B．To cover a rough surface.

       C．To make a wound smooth.                   D．To prevent disease entering a wound.

4．A good gardener prunes a tree           .

       A．several times throughout the year              B．a(chǎn)s quickly as possible

       C．occasionally when necessary                    D．regularly every winter

5．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?

       A．To discuss different methods of pruning.

       B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning.

       C．To explain how trees develop disease.

       D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.

23、Dear Anish,

    Here are the information about Manchester University.                         1．__________

It is about 200 miles far away from London, and it                               2．__________

has a very big schoolyard. You can live in the school                              3．__________

or near the school. They have all sorts of course.                                4．__________

I’m sure you will find one you like it. I know you                                5．__________

are particular interested in Human Rights. So I will                                6．__________

see that there is anything on their website.                                       7．__________

I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport                                 8．__________

when you arrived. You met him a few years ago, but he                           9．__________

has changed a lot since then. Both your aunt and me look                          10．__________

forward to seeing you again.

See you soon.

Pat

22、The fiddler crab（蟹） is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun.

    Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time.

    This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab.

    The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides （潮水）. The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!

1．The crab’s changing colour _______.

     A．tells the crab what time it is      

       B．protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies

     C．keeps the crab warm 

       D．is of no real use

2．When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _______.

      A．did not change colour                 B．changed colour more quickly

     C．changed colour more slowly           D．changed colour on the same timetable

3．The crab’s colour—changing ability was probably developed _______.

     A．in the process of evolution （進(jìn)化）  B．over millions of years

       C．by the work of biologists               D．both A and B

4．The best title for this selection would be _______.

     A．The Sun and the Tides                 B．Discoveries in Biology

     C．A scientific Study                     D．A Living Clock

21、Hank Viscardi was born without legs. He had no legs but stumps（殘肢） that could be fitted with a kind of special boots. People stared at him with cruel interest. Children laughed at him and called him ‘Ape Man’ because his arms practically dragged on the ground.

    Hank went to school like other boys. His grades were good and he needed only eight years to finish his schooling instead of the usual twelve. After graduating from school, he worked his way through college. He swept floors, waited on table, or worked in one of the college offices. During all this busy life, he had been moving around on his stumps. But one day the doctor told him even the stumps were not going to last much longer. He would soon have to use a wheel chair. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

Hank felt himself got cold all over. However, the doctor said there was a chance that he could be fitted with artificial legs（假腿）. Finally a leg maker was found and the day came when Hank stood up before the mirror. For the first time he saw himself as he has always wanted to be--- a full five feet eight inches tall. By this time he was already 26 years old.

    Hank had to learn to use his new legs. Again and again he marched the length of the room, and marched back again. There were times when he fell down on the floor, but he pulled himself up and went back to the endless marching. He went out on the street. He climbed stairs and learned to dance. He built a boat and learned to sail it.

    When World War II came, he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job．He took the regular training. He marched and drilled along with the other soldiers. Few knew that he was legless. This was the true story of Hank Viscardi, a man without legs.

1．It can be inferred from the story that five feet eight inches tall is _______.

     A．a(chǎn)n average height for a fully grown person

       B．too tall for an average person

     C．too short for an average person 

       D．none of the above

2．The sentence “he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job” implies that the Red Cross _______.

     A．was only glad to give him a job

     B．gave him a job because he was a good soldier

     C．gave him a job after he talked to someone whom he knew in the organization

     D．was not willing to give him a job at first

3．When Hank marched and drilled along with the other soldiers, he _______.

     A．did everything the other soldiers did

     B．did most of the things the other soldiers did

     C．did some of the things the other soldiers did

     D．took some special training

4．The writer suggests that Hank Viscardi _______.

     A．had no friends                             B．never saw himself as different from others

     C．was very shy                             D．was too proud to accept help from others

20、Theatre

City Varieties：

The Headrow, Leeds.

Tel. 430808  Oct 10-11 only A Night at the Varieties.

All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer, Duggle Brown, 6 dancers, Mystina, Jon Barker, Anne Duval and the Tony Harrison Trio. Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favourite songs.

Performances: 8 pm nightly.

Admission: ￡5; under 16 or over 60: ￡4.

York Theatre Royal

Tel. 223568  St Leonard’s Place, York.

Sept 23-Oct 17 Groping for Words-a comedy by Sue Townsend. Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries, Townsend now writes about an evening class which two men and a woman attend. A gentle comedy.

Admission: First night, Mon: ￡2; Tues-Fri:￡3.25-5.50; Sat:￡3.50-5.75.

Halifax Playhouse

Tel. 365998 King’s Cross Street, Halifax.

Oct 10-17 on Golden Pond by Ernest Thompson. This is a magical comedy bout real people. A beautiful produced, well-acted play for everyone. Don’t miss it.

Performances: 7:30pm.

Admission: ￡2．Mon: 2 seats for the price of one.

Grand Theatre

Tel. 5022116  Restaurant and Cafe.  Oxford Street, Leeds.

Oct 1-17 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13．Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.

Performances: Evening 7:45．Oct 1-17, at 2:30 pm. No Monday performances.

Admission: Tues-Thurs: ￡2-5; Fri & Sat: ￡2-6.

1．Which theatre offers the cheapest seat?

A．Halifax Playhouse.                      B．City Varieties.

C．Grand Theatre.                          D．York Theatre Royal.

2．If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat?

A．502116           B．223568           C．365998           D．430808

3．We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _______.

     A．a(chǎn) writer                                          B．a(chǎn)n actress

C．a(chǎn) musician                                        D．a(chǎn) director

18、He urged that much of the poverty              .

A．should wipe out          B．wiped out         C．be wiped out         D．had wiped out

17、They paid a visit to            used to be a factory.

A．where           B．what         C．which        D．that