8、Winter’s short days are more than cold. For many people, winter depression, the most common type of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), is as much a part of the season as hats and scarves.

     Winter serious SAD sufferers may need medical treatment. Those feeling a little depressed can help themselves by sticking to a healthy lifestyle. Here are some tips:

     Pace yourself. Don’t expect to do everything you normally can. Set a realistic schedule. Don’t listen to negative thinking, like blaming yourself or expecting to fail.

     Get involved in activities that make you feel good or feel like you’ve achieved something. For example, play table tennis or badminton.

     If you are feeling depressed, you may feel like staying away from friends. Yet this is a time when friends support can be helpful. Call them regularly. Remember, the more we put off calling or visiting a friend, the harder it is to rebuild a friendship.

     Think clearly about what’s wrong or right. Instead of giving in to vague(含糊的) feelings of sadness, look at your problems objectively. Break down problems into specific issues that you can work on.

     Regular exercise helps to prevent and ease depression.

     Eat well. Studies show that a healthy diet can help to maintain a healthy body and mind. The vitamins, minerals and micro-nutrients found in a balanced diet may help our bodies to produce feel-good hormones. Foods containing chemicals to help produce feel-good hormones（荷爾蒙） include bananas, turkey, nuts and seeds. Eat at least five pieces of fruit and vegetables every day.

     P.S. Symptoms of SAD:

     No interests or pleasure in things you used to enjoy

     Increased need for sleep

     A change in eating habits, especially an appetite（食欲） for sweet or starchy (含淀粉的) foods

     Weight gain

     A heavy feeling in the arms or legs

     A drop in energy level

     Difficulty in concentrating

     Overly（過度地） emotional

     Avoidance of friends and social situations

     Frequent feelings of guilt

     Long-term feelings of hopelessness, and physical problems, such as headaches

1．The writer of the passage agrees that      .

     A．the cold in winter makes us suffer from SAD

     B．hats and scarves are as important as SAD

     C．everyone of us meets SAD in winter

     D．we are depressed mainly because of short days in winter

2．We may infer that      according to the passage.

     A．a(chǎn) more darkness will make us sad

     B．we should wear hats and scarves in winter

     C．a(chǎn) healthy lifestyle prevents us from serious SAD

     D．staying away from friends makes us depressed

3．When we pace ourselves, we      .

     A．don’t do anything we can                     B．make a practical plan

     C．expect to succeed in nothing                  D．think something of guilt

4．The passage includes the following EXCEPT      .

     A．the earlier we meet friends, the easier it is to rebuild a friendship

     B．if we give up to unclear feelings of sadness, we’ll be caught in the SAD

     C．playing table tennis helps us achieve whatever we want

D．feel-good hormones from a balanced diet can help keep a healthy body

7、Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

     The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

      Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

1．The word “state” (in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________.

     A．a(chǎn) mental or emotional condition.            B．a(chǎn) condition of being in a stage or form.

      C．social position or rank．                       D．a(chǎn) specific mode of government.

2．According to the passage, attitudes ?????????__________.

     A．come from different situations in one’s life

     B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

     C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

     D．could be chosen according to one’s will

3．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show______.

     A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

     B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

     C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

     D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

4．Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

     A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

     B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

     C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

     D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

5．What would be the best title for the passage?

     A．Differences of Attitudes.                        B．Nature(性質(zhì)) of Attitude.

     C．Choices of Attitudes.                              D．Modification of Attitude.

6、Ordering from Books First is easy and safe.

Selecting Your Books

When you have found a book you would like to order, just click on Add to Basket and it will be added to your shopping basket. To make it easy to keep track of the books you’ve selected, My Shopping Basket will display your choices wherever you are on the site. When you’re ready to place your order, select View Basket.

View Basket

This is where you select the postal destination for your order, indicate whether you would like Next Day Delivery in the UK and choose gift-wrapping. You can also amend (修改) the contents of your basket by making any changes and then selecting Update Basket.

Overseas customers ordering three or more books can also request reduced airmail charges here. When you’re happy with the contents of your shopping basket, go to the Secure Checkout.

The Order Form

After you’ve completed the order form, you will receive an on-screen acknowledgement. This will be followed by an email confirming the details of your order.

We will then inform you when your order has been sent. If this is your first order, we will also inform you of your personal BooksFirst account number.

Your First Order

We’ll send you a personal account number after you have placed your first order. For following orders all you need to do is enter your personal account number and email address.

Returning Customers

If you have ordered from us before, online, by mail or telephone, you will have already owned a personal account number. You then only need to complete the full order form. Using your account number allows us to find your details from our records (they are not accessible online).

However, you do not need your BooksFirst personal account number to place an order—simply present all the required details on the order form. If you don’t have a note of your account number just contact us so that we can supply it to you.

1．We can probably read this advertisement ______.

     A．in a newspaper                                     B．in a magazine       

     C．on the Internet                                      D．on TV

2．The information under RETRUNING CUSTOMERS is for those _____.

     A．who have forgotten their BooksFirst account numbers

     B．who haven’t got their BooksFirst account numbers

     C．who have experienced BooksFirst online shopping before

     D．who have never done online shopping before

3．Which of the following is TRUE?

     A．You must put what you choose in a basket as you do in a supermarket.

     B．You can find your Shopping Basket nowhere but in View Basket.

C．You will pay less if you are an overseas customer and buy over three books.

     D．You can get an account number only after you place an order online

4．The purpose of this advertisement is________.

     A．to promote the sale of books

B．to show the procedure of ordering books online

     C．to help readers apply for account numbers

     D．to supply account numbers to readers

5、   Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open, people here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

    On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

    To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society said, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.

    Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

Some societies have universalist cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. ‘Particularist’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem.

1．Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians    .

     A．like traveling better

     B．easy to communicate with

     C．difficult to make real friends

     D．have a long-term relationship with their neighbors

2．People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those        .

     A．who will tell them everything of their own

     B．who want to do business with them

     C．they know quite well

     D．who are good at talking

3．In ‘particularist societies’,       .

     A．they have no rules for people to obey

     B．people obey the society’s rules completely

     C．no one obeys the society’s rules though they have

     D．the society’s rules can be changed with different persons or situations

4．The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different        .

     A．interests         B．cultures            C．habits and customs       D．ways of life

4、      When Joe Ward went fishing in Florida one day last September, he didn’t need a weather report to tell him that big trouble was on the way. All he had to do was observe the behavior of the area’s wildlife. “The fish were just biting like crazy, like they were storing up,” says Ward. “There wasn’t a bird anywhere, not even a gull, which is very unusual down here. And on the banks, the insects—the ants, everything—were climbing high.” The next day Hurricane Frances hit. Was this an isolated incident? Hardly. “Some people say that animals have a sixth sense. I don’t know if I’d go that far,” says Wildlife Conservation Society research scientist Diana Reiss. “There’s a lot we still have to learn about their behavior. But I don’t think there’s any question that animals can hear, feel and notice things that we can’t.”

     When Sri Lanka Wildlife Department deputy director, H. D．Ratnayake, surveyed the destruction left by last December’s tsunami, he was shocked by what he had not seen before. Tens of thousands of humans were killed. But there was very little mortality(死亡率) among wildlife. At Yala National Park, the phenomenon was especially noticeable. Though the human death number nearby was more than 200, officials found no wildlife dead bodies. After the tsunami, wild tales keep surfacing. Residents have reported seeing herds of antelope thundering from a coastal area to the hills before the giant wall of water hit. And nesting flamingos（紅鸛）left low-lying areas, heading for the safety of higher ground. How did they know trouble was on the way？Scientists credit a well-tuned sensory (感覺的,感官的) system. “Animals have to adapt to their environment to survive,” Reiss says. Changes in atmospheric conditions also may have played a part, some scientists say.

     Wildlife photographer Mike Blair remembers the day he witnessed how waterfowl (水鳥) can sense change in the weather. That morning the weather was mild, with a few snow geese on the marshes (濕地) at the wildlife protecting place. But as the day progressed, flight after flight of geese crossed the sky and settled on the wetlands. The next day temperatures decreased widely and a snowstorm hit. “The refuge staff said there were 20,000 geese there at the start of the day,” says Blair. “By the end of the day, they were estimating there were 300,000 or more.” Wildlife biologists believe migrating waterfowl have a built-in sense to predict the approach of large storms and are particularly responsive to changes of pressure in the air.

1．What will the antelope do before a storm?

     A．They will rush to the top of the hills.

     B．They will go to the coastal land to store some food.

     C．They will leave their home and move to another place forever.

     D．They will move to the wetlands to avoid the storm．

2．In Reiss’s opinion, why can animals survive some disasters while humans cannot?

     A．Because they have a sixth sense.

     B．Because they can feel the changes in atmospheric conditions.

     C．Because they can feel and notice something we human beings can’t.

     D．Because human beings are well-developed and don’t need to adapt to the environment.

3．What’s the main idea of the passage?

     A．The migration of the wildlife animals.

     B．What will the waterfowl do when there is a disaster.

     C．Animals have a six sense to predict the coming natural disaster.

     D．The number of human beings’ destruction is larger than the wild animals’

3、根據(jù)所給的中文提示完成句子。

1．我會在兩個星期后返回悉尼，因為我已經(jīng)預訂好了印度洋----太平洋號火車前往佩思的車票。

I’ll be back in Sydney in a ________ because I’ve made a _______ on the Indian Pacific train to Perth.

2．即使沒有現(xiàn)代航海工具的幫助，旅行家們也不是任憑大海擺布的。

   Travelers were not       the      of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.

3．這是澳大利亞14項世界遺產(chǎn)之一 。

   It is part of one of Australia’s 14 World               ． 

4．在晴日里，特別是在夏天，海員們能夠利用正午頭頂上的太陽導航。

   On a clear day       during the summer the sailors could use the sun          at midday to navigate by.

5．我最后一次看到他是周五晚上，當時他正趴在實驗室的地上在找什么東西。

The last time I saw him was Friday night. He was on his _______ and _______ searching for something in his laboratory.

1、根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容，完成書面表達。

注意事項：1．有條理地靈活構思處理，避免死譯；要用所學過的地道表達。

          2．字數(shù)120到150詞.

參考詞匯：奧林匹斯山神 Olympian

27、A good idea occurred to Mr Baker ______to his invention recently.

A．while applying                                         B．while applied

C．while he was applying himself            D．while applying himself