12、Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.

A. on             B. from          C. by             D. in

11、Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. 

A. after that          B. after which           C. after it          D. after this

10、Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable.

A. as if              B. now that               C. even though          D. so that

9、Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. 

A. where             B. what               C. when              D. why

8、If the firms failed to make enough money, they would          . 

A. turn down         B. call off                          C. close down                D. set off

7、　  As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation.  1 you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to 2down.  But relaxation is 3 for a healthy mind and body. 

　　Stress is a 4 part of everyday life and there is no way to 5 it.  In fact, it is not the bad thing that it is often supposed to be.  A 6 amount of stress is important to provide motivation and give 7 to life.  It is only when the stress gets out of control 8 it can lead to poor performance and 9 health. 

　　The amount of stress a person can bear 10 very much on the individual.  Some people are not afraid of stress. and such 11 are obviously chief material for managerial responsibilities.  Others lose heart at first 12 of unusual difficulties.  When exposed to stress, in 13  form, we react both chemically and physically.  In fact we make a choice between 14 and fight.  And in more ancient days the choices made the 15 between life and death.  The crises（危機(jī)）we meet today are 16 to be so extreme. but however little the stress.  It requires the same response.  It is when such a reaction 17 long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes 18 Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have 19 links with stress.  20 we cannot remove stress from our lives we need to find ways to deal with it.  It would be unwise to do so even if we could. 

　　So what do you think of stress? What is your way to deal with it?

1.  A.  When                    B.  While                    C.  Once                 D.  As

2.  A.  slow                      B.  calm                     C get                        D.  turn

3.  A.  unnecessary            B.  satisfied                C.  useful                D.  necessary

4.  A.  physical          B.  natural               C.  hard                     D.  terrible

5.  A.  tolerate               B.  solve                     C.  avoid                 D.  accept

6.  A.  sure                      B.  certain               C.  large                  D.  great

7.  A.  purpose              B.  resource                C.  influence               D.  instruction

8.  A.  when                     B.  why                      C.  that                          D.  how

9.  A.  ill                       B.  good                     C.  strong                D.  weak

10.  A.  insists.               B.  depends                C.  calls                     D.  spends

11.  A.  patterns             B.  personalities           C.  situations           D.  characters

12.  A.  glance                  B.  view                     C.  sight                  D.  impression

13.  A.  whichever            B.  whatever               C.  however           D.  whenever

14.  A.  peace                   B.  fright                    C.  pressure             D.  heaviness

15.  A.  decision               B.  promise                 C.  difference          D.  choice

16.  A.  unlikely             B.  likely                     C.  necessary           D.  probable

17.  A.  continues             B.  lives                      C.  stands                D.  lasts

18.  A.  balanced              B.  injured                  C.  endangered         D.  changeable

19.  A.  established           B.  achieved                C.  found                D.  developed

20.  A.  Unless                 B.  Since                    C.  Because             D.  As

6、As De Witt Wallace lay in bed recovering from injuries that he unfortunately came by in World War I, he found there was a wealth of interesting information to read.  Realizing few people would have the time to get through all this information, he knew exactly what to do.  In 1920, this young American presented a sample magazine containing shortened articles to publishers across America.  However, all turned him down.

Undeterred, De Witt and his new bride Lila Bell Acheson published the first issue of Reader’s Digest in February 1922.  Working from home, the Wallaces printed 5,000 copies, which were sold by mail to 1,500 people and priced at 25 cents.  From these humble（卑微的） beginnings grew the world’s most widely – read magazine.

The magazine became popular and, by 1935, sales topped one million.  In 1938, the first international edition was published in the United Kingdom.  During World War Ⅱ, editions were published for the first time in Latin America and Sweden.  After the war Reader’s Digest moved into Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa and Switzerland.  In 1950, Reader’s Digest published its shortened Books (now known as Select Editions in Australia).  In 1959, music, the first non – print product line, was introduced.  In 1962, Reader’s Digest revolutionized direct mail by introducing easy – to – enter Sweepstakes and a year later the first Reader’s Digest general book was published.  In 1986, video was added to the Reader’s Digest product line.

In 1973, the Wallaces gave up active management of Reader’s Digest.  De Witt died in 1981, aged 91; Lila in 1984, aged 94.  With no heirs（繼承人） to the Wallace empire to take control, Reader’s Digest became a public company in the early 1990s and is now headed by a Chief Executive Office and Chairman of the Board.

1. What is the purpose of De Witt Wallace creating the earliest magazine?

       A. To become wealthy.                              B. To offer people information.

       C. To heal the wounds from the war.          D. To turn down uninteresting stories.

2. When did De Will make his first trial of the magazine?

       A. Before World War I.    B. In 1920.    C. In 1922.                  D. In 1935.

3. What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs?

       A. The first issue of Reader’s Digest.        

B. The first trial of De Witt Wallace’s dream.

       C. De Witt Wallace’s character and marriage. 

D. The humble beginnings of Reader’s Digest.

4. Which of the following is the right order for the history of Reader’s Digest?

     a. The Select Edition came out.

       b. The Wallaces retired from the management of Reader’s Digest.

       c. The magazine sold over million copies.

       d. The product line was improved by means of videos.

       e. Editions in other languages were published.

       A. c — e — a — b — d                             B. e — a — c — b — d

       C. c — e — a — d — b                             D. a — c — e — d — b

5. What can be known about Reader’s Digest from the passage?

       A. Reader’s Digest only published shortened or general books.

       B. After World War ⅡReader’s Digest was published all over the world.

       C. Reader’s Digest was first private – owned and later public – owned.

       D. Reader’s Digest has always been headed by a Chief Executive Office.

5、When people ask your children to “get an education”, they tell you only half the truth.  What they really mean is to get just enough education to give manpower for your society.

Get a high school diploma, at least.  Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Washington or Thomas Edison and you can successfully stop study in primary schools.

Get a college degree, if possible.  With a BA, you should start to find a job.  You have to put on the brakes now.  If you do go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an MBA and only from a first – class university.  Otherwise, the famous law of diminishing (報(bào)酬遞減率) begins to work.

Do you know, for example, that long – distance truck drivers make more money a year than full professors? Yes, each driver was paid $28,000 in 1997 while a full professor managed to get $27,930.

A PhD is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial aim, you are facing a not very bright future.  There are more PhDs unemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.

If you became a PhD in English or history or political science or languages or – worst of all – in philosophy（哲學(xué)）, you take the risk of becoming over – educated for our national demands.

Thousands of PhDs are selling shoes, driving taxis, waiting on tables and filling out applications month after month, and then may be taking a job in some high school or college with the pay much less than a door–keeper makes.

1. According to the writer, society expects education to turn out people who will       .

       A. raise their payment                  B. get employed

       C. become specialized in some field             D. meet the demands as a source of manpower

2. Long–distance truck drivers make more money a year than full professors because         .

       A. the famous law of diminishing functions

       B. long – distance truck drivers only get a high school diploma

       C. full professors are PhDs in English or history

       D. long – distance truck drivers work harder than full professors

3. If you don’t want to be occupationally dead, you       .

       A. should look for a job in a primary school      

B. must at least get a high school diploma

       C. have to get as high an education as possible

D. should try to avoid being overeducated in philosophy

4. The underlined phrase “put on the brakes” in the 3 rd paragraph means “      ”.

       A. stop learning for a high degree            B. take up a master’s degree at once

       C. go on studying in a first – class university   D. find any interesting job

5. What can we know from the passage?

       A. The higher education you get, the more money you will earn.

       B. There are more PhDs than the society demands.

       C. Neither George Washington nor Edison received formal education.

       D. If you are specialized in physics, you can’t get a good job easily.

4、It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area around large urban districts with factories and heavy automobile traffic.  Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally(=really) worldwide.  On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing（制造業(yè)的） and automobile traffic.  In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution.  Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect” – holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature.  If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter（顆粒物質(zhì)）in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature – a result that would be equally disastrous（損失慘重的）.  A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.  At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely).  Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution       .

A. caused widespread damage in the countryside     

B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

       C. had damaging effects on health                 

D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas

2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author       .

       A. shares the same view with the scientists    B. is uncertain of its occurrence

       C. rejects it as being ungrounded                    D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

3. The word “offset” (Para. 2) could best be replaced by       .

       A. slip into                B. make up for          C. set up                   D. catch up with

4. It can be inferred from the passage that           .

       A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees wouldn’t do much harm to life on earth

       B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

       C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

       D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

5. This passage is primarily concerned with       .

       A. the greenhouse effect                            B. the burning of fossil fuels

       C. the potential effect of air pollution    D. the likelihood of a new ice age

3、People can be addicted to different things, e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television.  People who have such an addiction are compulsive (難以抑制的); i. e.  , they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.  According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money.  This compulsion, like most others, is irrational – impossible to explain reasonably.  For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money.  In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything.  Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasures that they get from the things they buy.

There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting.  To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts.  Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap.  They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning.  Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people.  Stores, companies and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people’s need for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personal problems.  In the same was, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

1.  According to psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money       .

       A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys  

B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

       C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need   

D. entirely with an irrational eagerness

2. According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices         .

       A. because they want to save money to help their budgets

       B. because they can have the feeling of winning others in getting things for less money

       C. and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budget

       D. but they often admit they feel dissatisfied if they can get things for less money than others

3. The passage is mainly concerned with          .

       A. the psychology of money – spending habits  

B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders

       C. a special psychology of bargain hunting     

D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business

4. Which of the following statements is true?

       A. All people spend money for exactly the same reason they need to buy things.

       B. Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.

       C. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

       D. Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

5. From the passage we may safely concluded that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters         .

       A. are really unreasonable         

B. need special treatment

       C. are really beyond treatment      

D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money