解:(1)5
+0.5x=6
,
5
+
x-5
=6
-5
,
x=
,
x×2=
×2,
x=
;
(2)(1
×8.12+5
÷
×8
),
=(1+
)×
+(5+
)÷
×(8+
),
=(1+
)×
+
×
×(8+
),
=(1+
)×
+
×(8+
),
=(1+
+8+
)×
,
=10×
,
=81
;
(3)
+
+
+…+
,
=
-
+
-
+
-
+…+
-
,
=
-
,
=
;
(4)
×
-
×
,
設(shè)K=
+
+
,
原式=(
+K)×(K+
)-(k+
+
)×K,
=K×K+(
+
)×K+
×
-K×K-(
+
)×K,
=
×
,
=
.
分析:(1)把0.5化為分?jǐn)?shù)
,根據(jù)等式的性質(zhì),兩邊同減去5
,再同乘2即可;
(2)把8.12化為分?jǐn)?shù),通過(guò)進(jìn)一步計(jì)算,運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡(jiǎn)算;
(3)通過(guò)觀(guān)察,此算式的分子都是3,分母中的兩個(gè)因數(shù)相差也是3,可以把每個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)拆分成兩個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)相減的形式,然后通過(guò)加減相抵消的方法,求得結(jié)果;
(4)此算式較長(zhǎng),直接計(jì)算較麻煩,我們不妨采用設(shè)數(shù)法,設(shè)K=
+
+
,計(jì)算較為簡(jiǎn)便.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查了解方程以及四則混合運(yùn)算,解方程時(shí)依據(jù)等式的性質(zhì);在脫式計(jì)算中,特別注意運(yùn)算順序和運(yùn)算法則,對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)的互化要細(xì)心.根據(jù)題目情況,靈活處理.