It has been proved that some children are natural--born bosses. They have a strong need to make
decisions, manage their environment, and rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student,
operates under the theory of what's mine is mine and what's yours is mine. His mother says: "The other
day I bought two new Star Wars light sword. Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his
brother was using the beat-up ones."
     "Examine the extended family, and you will probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin
in every generation. It is an inheritable trait." says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University
of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
     Whether it is inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the
young isn't healthy for children or the family. "Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior," says family
psychologist John Taylor in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, "and children have secret feelings
of weakness and a desire to feel safe. It is the parents' role to provide that protection."
     When a "bossy child" doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a lot of troubles outside the
family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
     "I see more and more parents giving up their power, " says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior
for more than 30 years. "They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents
were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious."

1. Bossy children like Stephen Jackson           .

A. make good decisions
B. show self-centeredness
C. Lack care from others
D. have little sense of fear

2. The underlined phrase "beat-up " in paragraph 1 means             .

A. old
B. bad
C. pretty
D. moved

3. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents should            .

A. give more power to their children
B. not be so anxious about their children
C.  be strict with their children
D. not set limits for their children

4. Bossy children may probably become                .

A. relaxed
B. skillful
C. hesitant
D. lonely

     In the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, nearly fifty out of every one hundred thousand people live to
celebrate their hundredth birthday, and many don't stop at 100! By comparison, in America only three
in one hundred thousand people reach 100. But these Russian old people aren't alone. The Pakistanis,
who live in the Himalaya Mountains and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains , seem to share the
secret of long life, too. These people remain healthy in body and spirit in spite of the passage of time.
While many persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians,
aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to
them. When asked, "at what age does youth end?" most of these old people had no answer. Several
replied, "well perhaps at the age of 80," and the very youngest estimate was at the age of 60.
     What accounts for this ability to survive to such an old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard
physical work is a way of life for all these long - lived people. They begin their long days of physical
labor as children and never seem to stop.
     All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from
mountainous regions. This reduced - oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system
stronger.
     Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great
extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. Inherited(遺傳的)factors
also play some role.
     It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work,
moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all
these people.

1. Why does the writer mention some long - lived people in the first paragraph?

A. To introduce the subject of the article.
B.  To surprise his readers.
C. To tell you the difference between people in the Soviet Union and America.
D. To tell you why Americans don't live as long as other people.

2. From the writer's viewpoint, industrial society         .

A. is highly developed and beneficial to people
B. is a great advance in human history
C. is full of pressures and therefore bad for people's health
D. can make people's life better and better

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. It is beneficial for people to work and live in industrial society.
B. People should relax themselves from high pressures of life in industrial society.
C. The more hard physical work you do, the more healthy you will be.
D. People's health mainly depends on inherited factors.

4. The following factors except _________ contribute to the health and long life of all these people. 

A. clean mountain air                    
B.  daily hard work
C. good genes                        
D.  stress and pressure

     Apple designs the iPhone, the iPad and the iPod. Each of Apple's products sounds cool and has
become a fad(時(shí)尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter "i" and many other
brands are following suit. The BBC's iPlayer , which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the
Internet , adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear ( popular in the US and UK ) that plays music and
video is called "iTeddy". A slimmed-down version of London's Independent newspaper came out last
week under the name "i". In general, single-letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s, when
terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
     Most "i" products are aimed at young people and considering the major readers of Independent "i",
it is no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name. But it's hard to see what's so special about
the letter "i" . Why not use "a", "b" or "c" instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language
Center at King's College, London, "i" works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple
uses "i", no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Mr.Thorne told
BBC Magazines,     "Even when Apple created the iPad, it seems it didn't have one clear definition ,
However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (輕便)." Clearly the letter "i"
also agrees with the idea that the      Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes
they have their own needs, and they love personalized products for this reason. Along with "Google"
and "Twitter", readers of BBC Magazines voted "i" as one of the top 20 words that have come to define
the last decade.
     But as history shows, fads come and go. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with "2000" in their
names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However,
as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.

1. People use the iPlayer to _________.

A. listen to music                    
B. make a call
C. read newspapers                    
D. watch TV programs online

2. From the passage We know that the Independent " i "  is aimed at _________.

A. old readers                    
B. young readers
C. fashionable women                  
D. engineers

3. Nowadays, the "i" term often reminds people of the products which are _________.

A. portable.                          
B.  advanced        
C. recyclable                        
D. environmentally friendly

4. The author of the passage would probably agree that __________.

A. "i" products are often of high quality
B. all "i" products have something to do with Internet
C. the popularity of "i" products may not last long
D. the iTeddy is a live bear

     The US is one of the biggest countries in the world. It is well-known because its population comes
from all over the world. The immigrants(移民) can learn English to keep the United States united, but it
is unfair to have to drop their culture for an American way of life.
     I believe that recent immigrants should learn English in order to live in this country. If they don’t learn
English, they won’t be- able to communicate and do what they want. Anita, one of my mother’s friends,
came here from Ecuador（厄瓜多爾） three years ago. She does not speak English. One day her
daughter got a serious fever. She didn’t know what was going on, so she tried to call an ambulance(救
護(hù)車). However, when she called the hospital, she couldn’t talk. The operator(接線員) couldn’t
understand what Anita was saying. Thankfully, her sister arrived and called the ambulance. The doctor
told Anita that if she hadn’t arrived at the hospital in time, her daughter would have died.
    Immigrants should learn English to speak with the public, but they should also keep their language at
home. If we learn English only and forget our own language, we won’t be able to communicate with our
parents. Florence, my co-worker, speaks English only. Her mother didn’t teach her Spanish, her mother
language. She has lost her mother language, tradition and culture, so she can’t pass them down to her
future generations.
    In conclusion, immigrants should learn English in order to communicate with the public and to keep the
country united, but they shouldn’t drop their culture for an American way of life.

1. When Anita’s daughter was ill, Anita___________.

A. couldn’t speak
B. tried to call an ambulance
C. called her sister for help at once
D. sent her to the hospital immediately

2. The author mentions Anita’s experience mainly to show us __________.

A. English is a difficult language for immigrants to learn
B. immigrants should help each other in a strange country
C. it is necessary for immigrants to learn the common language
D. immigrants should keep their own language and culture

3. Florence is a woman who _______________.

A. can speak both English and Spanish
B. was born in Spain but grew up in the US
C. has given up her native culture
D. is one of the author’s classmates

4. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?


           A                               B                               C                             D

5. What’s the author’s attitude towards immigrants?

A. immigrants should learn English well
B. immigrants should speak their own language
C. immigrants have to drop their own culture for American way of life
D. immigrants should learn English as well as keep their own language

     Children become more generous as they get older, learning the principles of equality by the age of
eight. That may not be too surprising to anyone who has kids.
     Humans are born with a sense of fairness that most other animals seem not to share, but it's not been
clear exactly when this concept starts to develop.
     Dr.Alva Zhao and her colleagues conducted a series of tests to measure just how much children care
about equality at different ages. In three different versions of a game, children were asked to choose
between two ways of sharing a number of sweets with themselves and an unfamiliar partner. They could
choose, for example, between one for me and one for you, or just having one for themselves.
     At the age of three, children were "almost completely selfish", says Zhao.
     They refused to give sweets away even if it made no difference to themselves. But by the age of eight,
children generally preferred the fair option, sharing a prize equally rather than keeping it all to themselves.
     Several other factors influenced how fair the children were. The team found that children without
brothers or sisters were 28% more likely to share than children with brothers or sisters. On the other
hand, the youngest children in a family were 17% less willing to share than children who had only
younger brother or sister.
     In addition, if children knew that their partner was from the same playgroup or school, they were
more concerned about being fair. This suggests that being nice to people you know is something that
develops a sense of equality.

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is________.

A. parents know clearly when their kids are more willing to share
B. the kids' willingness of sharing is learned from their family
C. the older the kids are, the more selfish they will become
D. kids become more generous when they reach a certain age

2. The tests conducted by Dr.Alva Zhao and her colleagues were aimed at________.

A. how kids develop a quality of fairness in games
B. children's awareness of equality at different ages
C. the reasons why children care about equality
D. children's attitudes towards other partners

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Children under three know little about being fair.
B. Children above eight years old become less selfish.
C. Children with brothers or sisters tend to be more generous.
D. The youngest child in a family tends to be less generous.

4. We can learn that children care more about equality while with________.

A. unknown people    
B. nice people    
C. familiar people  
D. fair people

                                                                Life in 2060
     Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let's make believe (假裝；虛構(gòu)) it is about sixty years
from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.
     Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as
it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the
beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is
provided for entertainment (娛樂) of young and old.
     What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven't yet started to take on heir (繼承) supply of energy directly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may be some day. But many
foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green
plants.
     Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago,
most of our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer
destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.
     Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible
to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.
     People are now largely vegetarians (素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the
number of animal decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in
our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to
get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.
     Such would be our life in 2060.

1. When was the passage written?

A. In about A.D. 2060.    
B. In about 1960.
C. In about 2000.    
D. In about 2004.

2. According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A.D. 2060?

A. Many tourists.  
B. Many other animals.
C. Many plants.  
D. A sea.

3. What will people eat then according to the passage?

A. Biscuits in pill form.  
B. Foods in pill form.
C. Foods in water form.  
D. Foods in gas form.

4. The passage tells us that in 2060, ____ on the earth than now.

A. there are fewer population              
B. there are more pests
C. there is less water                      
D. the crops are getting better