分析:根據(jù)比的基本性質(zhì),即比的前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)同時(shí)乘或除以一個(gè)相同的數(shù)(0除外)比值不變,進(jìn)而把比化成最簡(jiǎn)比;再根據(jù)求比值的方法,就用最簡(jiǎn)比的前項(xiàng)除以后項(xiàng)即得比值;第三、四小題,要先把單位化統(tǒng)一后再化簡(jiǎn)比或求比值.
解答:解:(1)
:
,
=(
×15):(
×15),
=10:4,
=5:2;
:
,
=5:2,
=5÷2,
=
.
(2)2.5:2.75,
=(2.5×20):(2.75×20),
=50:55,
=10:11;
2.5:2.75,
=10:11,
=10÷11,
=
.
(3)0.5噸:25千克,
=500千克:25千克,
=(500÷25):(25÷25),
=20:1;
0.5噸:25千克,
=20:1,
=20÷1,
=20.
(4)0.6千米:180米,
=600米:180米,
=(600÷60):(180÷60),
=10:3;
0.6千米:180米,
=10:3,
=10÷3,
=
.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查化簡(jiǎn)比和求比值的方法,注意化簡(jiǎn)比的結(jié)果仍是一個(gè)比,而求比值的結(jié)果是一個(gè)數(shù);還要注意:比的前后項(xiàng)是名數(shù)時(shí),要先把單位化統(tǒng)一再計(jì)算.