求出下列各組數(shù)的最大公約數(shù)和最小公倍數(shù)
39和13
7和13
48和84.
解:(1)39和13是倍數(shù)關(guān)系,13是較小數(shù),39是較大數(shù),
所以它們的最大公因數(shù)是13,最小公倍數(shù)是39;
(2)7和13是互質(zhì)數(shù),
所以它們的最大公因數(shù)是1,最小公倍數(shù)是它們的乘積:7×13=91;
(3)48=2×2×2×2×3,
84=2×2×3×7,
所以48和84的最大公因數(shù)是2×2×3=12,
最小公倍數(shù)是:2×2×3×2×2×7=336.
分析:(1)39和13是倍數(shù)關(guān)系,倍數(shù)關(guān)系的兩個數(shù)的最大公約數(shù)是較小數(shù),最小公倍數(shù)是較大數(shù),據(jù)此解答;
(2)7和13是互質(zhì)數(shù),互質(zhì)數(shù)的最大公因數(shù)是1,最小公倍數(shù)是它們的乘積,據(jù)此解答;
(3)最大公約數(shù)是兩個數(shù)的公有的質(zhì)因數(shù)的乘積,最小公倍數(shù)是兩個數(shù)公有的質(zhì)因數(shù)和各自獨有的質(zhì)因數(shù)的乘積,據(jù)此把48和84分解質(zhì)因數(shù),然后據(jù)此求出.
點評:本題主要考查兩個數(shù)的最大公因數(shù)和最小公倍數(shù)的求法,注意分清兩個數(shù)的關(guān)系,掌握倍數(shù)關(guān)系和互質(zhì)數(shù)的最大公因數(shù)和最小公倍數(shù)的求法.