解:(1)9.2×12
=115;
(2)37
÷9,
=
×
,
=
;
(3)
×21,
=(1-
)×21,
=1×21-
×21,
=21-
,
=20
;
(4)5.089×
=0.05089;
(5)59×
,
=(58+1)×
,
=58×
+1×
,
=27+
,
=27
;
(6)12
÷
,
=
×11,
=137;
(7)
×
÷
×
,
=(
×
)×(
×
),
=1×
,
=
;
(8)
+(
-
)÷1
-
,
=
+(
-
)×
-
,
=
+
×
-
×
-
,
=
+
-
-
,
=(
+
)-(
+
),
=1-1,
=0;
(9)34×3.1+5.1×14-6
,
=105.4-71.4-6.8,
=34-6.8,
=40.8;
(10)
+
+
+
+
,
=
+
-
+
-
,
=
-
,
=
;
(11)3+
+
+
+
+
+
,
=3×(1+
+
+
+
+
+
),
=3×[1+(1-
)+(
)+(
-
)+(
-
)+(
-
)+(
-
)],
=3×(+1-
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
),
=3×(1+1
),
=3×1
,
=
;
(12)4.25×1.32×0.75÷(1
×1
),
=4.25×1.32×0.75÷1.32÷1.1875,
=(4.25×0.75÷1.1875)×(1.32×1.32),
=1.7×1,
=1.7.
分析:(1)先把分?jǐn)?shù)化成小數(shù),再計算;
(2)(6)根據(jù)除以一個數(shù)等于乘這個數(shù)的倒數(shù)計算;
(3)先把
化成1-
,再運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡算;
(4)把5.089的小數(shù)點(diǎn)向左移動兩位即可;
(5)把59分解成58+1,再運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡算;
(7)先把除法變成乘法,再運(yùn)用乘法結(jié)合律簡算;
(8)先把除法變成乘法,運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡算,再運(yùn)用加法交換律和減法的性質(zhì)簡算;
(9)先算乘法,再算加減法;
(10)
=
,
=
…由此化簡求解;
(11)先提取因數(shù)3,然后再把剩下的分?jǐn)?shù)分解;如
=
,
=
-
…;
(12)先根據(jù)除法的性質(zhì),去掉小括號,再運(yùn)用乘法結(jié)合律簡算.
點(diǎn)評:完成本題要注意分析式中數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用合適的簡便方法計算.