【題目】閱讀下面的文章,完成下面小題。
痛哭和珍
石評梅
慘淡莊嚴的禮堂,供滿了鮮花,掛滿了素聯(lián),這里面也充滿了冷森,充滿了凄傷,充滿了同情,充滿了激昂!多少不相識的朋友們都掬著眼淚,來到這里吊你,哭你!看那滲透了鮮血的血衣。
四圍都是哀聲,似乎有萬斤重閘壓著不能呼吸,燭光照著你的遺容,使渺小的我不敢抬起頭來。和珍!誰都稱你作烈士,誰都贊揚你死的光榮,然而我只痛恨,只傷心,這黑暗崎嶇的旅途誰來導(dǎo)領(lǐng)?多少偉大的工程憑誰來完成?況且家中尚有未終養(yǎng)的老母,未成年的弱弟,等你培植,待你孝養(yǎng)。
不幸,這些愿望都毀滅在砰然一聲的衛(wèi)士手中!
當偕行社同學(xué)公祭你時,她們的哀號,更令我心碎!你怎忍便這樣輕易撒手離開了她們,在這虎威抖擻,豺狼得意的時候。一直是同患難,同甘苦,同受驚恐,同遭摧殘,同到宗帽胡同,同回石駙馬大街。三月十八那天也是同去請愿,同在槍林彈雨中扎掙,同在血泊尸堆上逃命;然而她們都負傷生還,只有你,只有你是慘被屠殺!她們跟著活潑微笑的你出校,她們迎著血跡模糊的你歸來,她們怎能不痛哭戰(zhàn)線上倒斃的勇士,她們怎能不痛哭戰(zhàn)斗正殷中失去了首領(lǐng)!
和珍!我不愿意你想起我,我只是萬千朋友中一個認識的朋友,然而我永遠敬佩你做事的毅力和任勞任怨的精神,尤其是你那微笑中給與我的熱力和溫情。
現(xiàn)在夜已深了,你的靈前大概也綠燈慘慘,陰氣沉沉的靜寂無人,這是你的尸骸在女師大最后一夜的停留了,你安靜的睡吧!不要再聽了她們的哭聲而傷心!明天她們送靈到善果寺時,我不去執(zhí)紼了,我怕那悲涼的軍樂,我怕那荒郊外的古剎,我更怕街市上灰塵中那些蠕動的東西。他們比什么都蠢,他們比什么都可憐,他們比什么都殘忍,他們整個都充滿了奴氣。當你的棺材,你的血衣,經(jīng)過他們面前,觸入他們眼簾時,他們一面瞧著熱鬧,一面悄悄地低聲咒罵你“活該”!他們說:“本來女學(xué)生起什么哄,請什么愿,亡國有什么相干?”雖然我們不要求人們的同情,不過這些寒心冷骨的話,我終于不敢聽,不敢聞。自你死后,自這大屠殺閉幕后,我早已丟失了,嚇跑了,自己終于不知道究竟去了哪里。
和珍!你明天出了校門走到石駙馬大街時,你記得不要回頭。你一直向前去吧,披著你的散發(fā),滴著你的鮮血,忍痛離開這充滿殘殺、充滿恐怖、充滿豺狼的人間吧!
沉默是最深的悲哀,此后你便贈給我永久的沉默。
和珍,夢!噩夢!想不到最短時期中,匆匆草草了結(jié)了你的一生!然而我們不幸的生存者,連這都不能得到,依然供豺狼殘殺,還不知死在何日?又有誰來痛哭憑吊齒殘下的我們?
三月廿五赴和珍追悼會歸來之夜中寫。
【1】文章主要以第二人稱來寫,其作用是什么?
【2】在作者的眼中,劉和珍是怎樣的人?請整合文中的信息,簡要回答。
【3】作者在痛哭和珍時,也寫到自己。她是怎樣寫自己的?這樣寫有什么作用?
【4】魯迅先生在《記念劉和珍君》中寫道:“沉默呵,沉默呵!不在沉默中爆發(fā),就在沉默中滅亡!倍疚膶懙溃骸俺聊亲钌畹谋,此后你便贈給我永久的沉默。”試就劉和珍事件談?wù)勀銓@兩句話的理解。
【答案】
【1】.便于抒發(fā)感情,既拉近了作者與劉和珍的距離,也拉近了讀者和劉和珍的距離,自然實現(xiàn)了生者和逝者的對話。
【2】勇士;革命的首領(lǐng)。有毅力,任勞任怨,樂觀熱情。
【3】作者寫了自己的渺小,寫自己“早已丟失了嚇跑了”。以自己的渺小襯托出和珍的偉大,以自己的膽怯襯托出和珍的英勇無畏。
【4】魯迅的話表達的主要是憤怒。沉默是無言的憤怒,而憤怒遲早將在沉默中爆發(fā),不爆發(fā)就會在沉默中滅亡。作者的話表達的主要是悲哀。劉和珍的犧牲給作者帶來最深的悲哀,永久的悲哀。
【解析】
【1】試題分析:題干問的是“文章主要以第二人稱來寫,其作用是什么”,這是考查人稱的作用,題干明確“第二人稱”,考生應(yīng)先回顧第二人稱的作用,然后再結(jié)合文本具體分析。第二人稱的作用如下:用于讀者,能拉近與讀者的距離,有呼告效果,便于對話,利于抒情,富有感染力,容易引起共鳴;用于物,有擬人效果,便于直接對話,真切自然,利于直接表達對物的感情。從文中來看,文中以“你”來稱劉和珍,好似在和劉和珍面對面的交流,拉近了作者與劉和珍的距離,也拉近了讀者和劉和珍的距離,便于直接抒發(fā)對劉和珍的痛悼之情。
【2】試題分析:題干問的是“在作者的眼中,劉和珍是怎樣的人?請整合文中的信息,簡要回答”,這是考查散文中人物的形象。首先到文中圈出直接評價劉和珍的語言,如“誰都稱你作烈士,誰都贊揚你死的光榮”“她們跟著活潑微笑的你出校,她們迎著血跡模糊的你歸來,她們怎能不痛哭戰(zhàn)線上倒斃的勇士,她們怎能不痛哭戰(zhàn)斗正殷中失去了首領(lǐng)”“然而我永遠敬佩你做事的毅力和任勞任怨的精神,尤其是你那微笑中給與我的熱力和溫情”;然后進行概括即可。根據(jù)這些抒情、議論性的語句可以概括出如下內(nèi)容:劉和珍是勇士;革命的首領(lǐng)。有毅力,任勞任怨,樂觀熱情。
【3】試題分析:題干問的是“作者在痛哭和珍時,也寫到自己。她是怎樣寫自己的?這樣寫有什么作用”,本題有兩問,一是“怎樣寫自己的”,二是“這樣寫有什么作用”,這是考查作者謀篇布局意圖。本文的主體是寫劉和珍君,寫自己的作用,那就是非主體材料對主體材料的作用。其作用,也就是非主體材料對主體材料的襯托、對比等方面的作用,以突出主體材料。考生應(yīng)先找出寫自己的內(nèi)容,如“使渺小的我不敢抬起頭來”“我只是萬千朋友中一個認識的朋友”“自這大屠殺閉幕后,我早已丟失了,嚇跑了,自己終于不知道究竟去了哪里”,作者寫自己早已丟失了、嚇跑了,表現(xiàn)出自己的渺小,作者這樣寫,主要是襯托劉和珍的偉大和英勇無畏。
【4】試題分析:題干問的是“魯迅先生在《記念劉和珍君》中寫道:‘沉默呵,沉默呵!不在沉默中爆發(fā),就在沉默中滅亡!疚膶懙溃骸聊亲钌畹谋,此后你便贈給我永久的沉默。’試就劉和珍事件談?wù)勀銓@兩句話的理解”,這是考查學(xué)生理解文章句子內(nèi)涵的能力。理解句子含義,可以從句子本身入手,抓關(guān)鍵詞,可以從句間關(guān)系入手,分析句與句之間的聯(lián)系,可以對結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子,進行語法或意義分析。理解句意是理解文義的基礎(chǔ);而理解句意,要掌握“句不離篇”的原則,在具體的語境中分析。如魯迅“沉默呵,沉默呵!不在沉默中爆發(fā),就在沉默中滅亡”,“沉默呵,沉默呵”,這是使用了反復(fù)的修辭,“沉默”的結(jié)果有兩種,一是“爆發(fā)”,一是“滅亡”,結(jié)合文本,魯迅在這兩句話中主要表達了憤怒之情,憤怒的情感遲早會在沉默中爆發(fā),如果不爆發(fā)就會在沉默中走向滅亡。再結(jié)合本文分析“沉默是最深的悲哀,此后你便贈給我永久的沉默”的含義,從文中來看,“沉默”是最深的悲哀,“你”是指劉和珍,“贈給我永久的沉默”是說劉和珍的犧牲給作者帶來的是最深的永久的悲哀,表達了對劉和珍犧牲的悲痛之情。
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