Question

【題目】Old Problem, New Approaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（連體） to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.

Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its of "100 ideas to save the planet”.

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

【1】The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process

B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms

D. adaptation to climate change is challenging

【2】What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.

B. Different organizations work with each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.

D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.

【3】What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A. Storing ice for future use.

B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.

C. Changing the irrigation time.

D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

【4】What do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.

B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.

D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

【5】According to the author, polluting industries should .

A. adapt to carbon pollution

B. plant highly profitable crops

C. leave carbon emission alone

D. fight against carbon pollution

【6】What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A. Setting up a new standard.

B. Reducing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.

D. Monitoring polluting industries.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【5】D

【6】B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界各地應對全球變暖的方法。

【1】A詞義猜測題。根據第二段第二句We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.可知，我們并不是在討論適應一個新的標準，而是在不斷變化的條件下；據此可以判斷，適應環(huán)境就是適應不斷變化的過程，故選D項。

【2】C細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第二句Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.以及該段其它內容可知，Mohammed Rezwan看到了機會，而其他人只看到了災難，Rezwan項目的組織者充分利用了洪水的災難，故選C項。

【3】A細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture…Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.可知，“冰人”的減輕全球變暖的影響的方法是將冰儲存起來，以備春天用，故選A項。而這種方法并沒有改變冰川的融化和灌溉的時間，故排除B、C和D項。

【4】D細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet…. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.以及第六段painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.可知，通過將墻涂成白色，利用反射原理可以緩解全球氣候變暖，并且Prue的措施應證了這一點，故選D項。

【5】D推理判斷題。根據第七段When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.以及最后一段But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.可知，目前一些污染工業(yè)說他們已經失去了對碳污染的控制，但作者認為，這個說辭是“胡說”，，故可直接選擇與“失去控制、適當妥協(xié)”意義相反的選項，即與污染積極斗爭，以減少碳排放，防止工業(yè)污染中二氧化碳的排放，故選D項。

【6】B推理判斷題。根據最后兩句But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.可知，作者認為最合理的應對全球變暖的方法是以減少二氧化碳的排放，此舉將避免在其他很多方面改變。故選B項。