【題目】 氣溫和降水是我們最為關(guān)注的氣候要素。完成下面小題。
【1】下列詞語中描述氣候的是( 。
A.陽光明媚B.四季如春C.狂風(fēng)暴雨D.寒風(fēng)凜冽
【2】下列關(guān)于世界氣溫和降水分布的一般規(guī)律表述正確的是( 。
A.世界年平均氣溫由低緯度向高緯度遞減
B.同一時間同緯度的海洋和陸地氣溫相同
C.赤道附近降水少,兩極附近降水多
D.中緯度內(nèi)陸降水多,沿海降水少
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【解析】
【1】天氣是指某個地方距離地表較近的大氣層在短時間內(nèi)的具體狀況,特點是多變;氣候是指一個地方多年的天氣平均狀況,具有相對的穩(wěn)定性。陽光明媚、狂風(fēng)暴雨、寒風(fēng)凜冽表示的都是某個地方短時間內(nèi)的陰晴、雨雪等狀況,屬于天氣;四季如春表示的是某個地方多年的天氣平均狀況,具有相對的穩(wěn)定性,屬于氣候。故選B。
【2】受緯度因素和太陽高度角的影響,世界年平均氣溫由低緯度向高緯度遞減;故A正確。同一時間同緯度的海洋和陸地氣溫不相同,夏季陸地氣溫高,冬季海洋氣溫高;故B錯誤。赤道地區(qū)太陽輻射強烈,多對流雨;兩極地區(qū)冷,空氣下沉,降水少;故C錯誤。中緯度沿海迎風(fēng)地區(qū),受海洋影響大,降水多;內(nèi)陸地區(qū)距海洋遠,降水少;故D錯誤。根據(jù)題意。故選A。
該題考查天氣和氣候的區(qū)別和世界氣溫和降水的分布規(guī)律,分析解答即可。
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