【題目】讀下列材料回答問題。
材料一:華北平原是我國小麥玉米棉花的集中產(chǎn)區(qū),其耕地面積約占全國的23%,但水資源量僅占全國的3.8%.
材料二:夏初,長江中下游地區(qū)陰雨綿綿,持續(xù)一個月之久。至七八月份,一段時間出現(xiàn)了晴朗干燥的天氣,這正是水稻旺盛生長極需要水的時期。
材料三:云南省水資源量居全國第三,2009-2012年卻連續(xù)四年冬春季節(jié)遭遇大旱。
(1)以上三則材料分別反映了我國水資源時空分布的哪些特點:
材料一反映我國水資源分布不均。
材料二反映我國水資源分布不均。
材料三反映我國水資源分布不均。
(2)結(jié)合上述材料分析水資源時空分布不均對社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來的影響。
(3)針對我國水資源時空分布的特點,可采取的措施有哪些?
(4)《中華人民共和國水法》中明確提出建設(shè)節(jié)水型社會,要求在生產(chǎn)和生活中節(jié)約用水,防治水污染。對此你有哪些好的建議(3條以上)?
【答案】
(1)空間時間(季節(jié))年際3分
(2)影響農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用方式,北方一旱地為主,南方以水田為主;造成農(nóng)作物生長緩慢、減產(chǎn);影響人民群眾生活;影響工業(yè)生產(chǎn);制約社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等等
(3)跨流域調(diào)水 修建水庫
(4)發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)、生活中使用節(jié)水器具、治理水污染、循環(huán)用水、工業(yè)節(jié)水、海水淡化等等3點
【解析】
試題分析:
(1)材料一說明了我國水資源的空間分布不均勻,華北平原的土地多水資源少,而南方地區(qū)的水資源多,土地資源少。材料二說明了我國水資源的季節(jié)分布不均勻,有的季節(jié)降水多,水資源豐富,有的季節(jié)降水少,水資源缺乏。材料三說明了我國水資源的年際變化很大,同一地區(qū)有的年份降水多,有的年份降水少。
(2)我國水資源分布不均勻影響農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用方式,北方一旱地為主,南方以水田為主;造成農(nóng)作物生長緩慢、減產(chǎn);影響人民群眾生活;影響工業(yè)生產(chǎn);制約社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等等。
(3)我國水資源的空間分布不均的問題,我國采取了跨流域調(diào)水,針對我國水資源的季節(jié)分布不均勻,我國采取了了興修水庫。
(4)我國水資源人均占有量少,且污染和浪費嚴(yán)重。所以發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)、生活中使用節(jié)水器具、治理水污染、循環(huán)用水、工業(yè)節(jié)水、海水淡化等等。
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