將混有氯化鈣的食鹽25g放入173g水里,完全溶解后,再加入溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為2%的碳酸鈉溶液53g,恰好完全反應(yīng).求:
(1)原食鹽中有氯化鈣的質(zhì)量;
(2)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解:(1)設(shè)氯化鈣的質(zhì)量為x,生成的氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為y,、碳酸鈣的質(zhì)量為z
Na
2CO
3+CaCl
2═CaCO
3↓+2NaCl
106 111 100 117
53g×2% x z y
解得:x=1.11g,y=1.17g,z=1g
(2)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
=10%
答:(1)原食鹽中有氯化鈣的質(zhì)量是1.11g;
(2)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是10%.
分析:(1)根據(jù)氯化鈣與碳酸鈉溶液的反應(yīng),由碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量求出氯化鈣的質(zhì)量以及生成的氯化鈉、碳酸鈣的質(zhì)量;
(2)根據(jù)題意可知,反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)氯化鈉等于反應(yīng)生成的與原物質(zhì)混有的和,在根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律求出溶液的質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算即可.
點評:根據(jù)化學(xué)方程式可以表示反應(yīng)中各物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量關(guān)系,由反應(yīng)中某種物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量可計算反應(yīng)中其它物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量.