解答:解:(1)參加反應(yīng)的HCl的質(zhì)量為73g×10%=7.3g,
設(shè)生成的氫氣的質(zhì)量為X,參加反應(yīng)的鐵的質(zhì)量為y,生成氯化亞鐵的質(zhì)量為z;
Fe+2HCl=FeCl
2+H
2↑
56 73 127 2
y 7.3g z x
===,
x=0.2g,y=5.6g,z=12.7g;
所以反應(yīng)后所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為:5.6g+73g-0.2g=78.4g;
所以反應(yīng)后所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為=
×100%=16.2%
答:反應(yīng)后所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為16.2%.
(2)生鐵中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:
×100%=93.3%;
答:生鐵中鐵的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為93.3%;
(3)生鐵與鹽酸剛好反應(yīng)完全時(shí)所得溶液質(zhì)量應(yīng)是物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量減去不溶性雜質(zhì)和生成的氣體的質(zhì)量.
溶液質(zhì)量不包括氫氣質(zhì)量和剩余雜質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,所以還要減去雜質(zhì)的質(zhì)量;
故答案為:列式計(jì)算溶液質(zhì)量時(shí),未減掉不溶于水的雜質(zhì)的質(zhì)量.
(4)鐵和硫酸銅還未反應(yīng)時(shí)固體就是鐵質(zhì)量為6g,故起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從縱軸上6開(kāi)始畫(huà)起;
然后找拐點(diǎn),即鐵和硫酸銅恰好完全反應(yīng)時(shí)消耗的硫酸銅溶液質(zhì)量及固體質(zhì)量,
設(shè)鐵和硫酸銅恰好完全反應(yīng)時(shí)消耗硫酸銅溶液為y,生成銅為z
Fe+CuSO
4 ═FeSO
4 +Cu
56 160 64
5.6g 20%?y z
==,
y=80g
z=6.4g
6g生鐵中所含雜質(zhì)為:6g-5.6g=0.4g
所以鐵和硫酸銅恰好完全反應(yīng)時(shí)固體質(zhì)量為:6.4g+0.4g=6.8g
即拐點(diǎn)處橫坐標(biāo)值為80,縱坐標(biāo)值為6.8,然后把拐點(diǎn)和起點(diǎn)連起來(lái),并且在拐點(diǎn)后畫(huà)一條平行于x軸的直線,就得到了所要的曲線圖.