【答案】
分析:根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的概念計(jì)算即可.溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%,以及物質(zhì)放入水中是溶質(zhì)的種類進(jìn)行分析,Na
2O、P
2O
5放入水中溶質(zhì)會(huì)是與水反應(yīng)生成的物質(zhì),溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量會(huì)比放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量大,結(jié)晶水合物放入水中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量會(huì)比放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量。
解答:解:因?yàn)槿苜|(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%,現(xiàn)在所給溶液的質(zhì)量是100g,要想讓溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為n%,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量必須是ng.
(1)當(dāng)m=n時(shí),放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不變化,7種物質(zhì)中NaCl;KNO
3溶于水后,它們不與水反應(yīng),即溶質(zhì)還是它們,所以溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分n%;
(2)當(dāng)m>n時(shí)即要求溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量放入水中要小于mg才能使溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)等于n%,Na
2CO
3?10H
2O;CuSO
4?5H
2O帶結(jié)晶水,它們?nèi)苡谒蠼Y(jié)晶水會(huì)失去使溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量小于mg,能配制成n%的溶液.
(3)當(dāng)m<n時(shí),要想配置成n%的溶液,就得要求溶液中的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量大于放入物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,Na
2O、P
2O
5溶于水后,它們會(huì)與水反應(yīng)生成新的溶質(zhì),溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量會(huì)大于mg,此時(shí)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)等于n%;
故答案為:(1)NaCl;KNO
3(2)Na
2CO
3?10H
2O;CuSO
4?5H
2O(3)Na
2O;P
2O
5;
點(diǎn)評:計(jì)算溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),一定要注意溶質(zhì)和溶劑的量,有的溶質(zhì)會(huì)與水反應(yīng)生成新的溶質(zhì),此時(shí)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量發(fā)生改變,同學(xué)們要特別注意.