Question

【題目】閱讀理解。

Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later?

The next time this happens to you， think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.

New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.

Recently， researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours.

During the following visit， their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session， the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions， people who sleep less ate on an average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep.

What Is Going On?

The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化學(xué)成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.

Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids - the same chemical that is caused by drugs such as cannabis (大麻). The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs!

Furthermore， researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time， well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods， leading to obesity (肥胖).

Your body needs 7-8 hours of sleep each night. So， the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake， think of the amount of sleep you have had recently!

【1】According to the passage， people want to eat more when they ________.

A．work B．watch TV

C．sleep less D．sleep more

【2】The word ‘crave’ in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.

A．hope B．want

C．hate D．dislike

【3】From the passage， we can learn that ________.

A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate

B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less

C．a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite

D．a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago

【4】The chemical that makes us feel hungry is called ________.

A．ghrelin B．leptim

C．cannabis D．endocannabinoids

【5】This article is mainly about ________.

A．researchers working on people’s sleep

B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite

C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less

D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要內(nèi)容：人睡的少更想吃東西，特別是想吃不健康的食品，芝加哥大學(xué)對(duì)此做了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于睡眠和肥胖之間有和聯(lián)系的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)高水平的激素(一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)讓我們饑餓)和低水平的瘦素(告訴大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)滿意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【1】C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.可知當(dāng)人缺少睡眠時(shí)，想吃更多的東西。故選C。

【2】B考查詞意猜測(cè)題。Many adults and even tee ns have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.句意：許多成年人甚至青少年已經(jīng)注意到， 當(dāng)他們工作或看電視晚了，他們渴望吃“午夜零食”。A．hope希望，后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式或從句；B．want想要，需要；C．hate恨，討厭；D．dislike不喜歡。結(jié)合句意可知選B。

【3】D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate人們對(duì)吃巧克力感到內(nèi)疚；B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less不健康的食物使人睡眠越來越少；C．a(chǎn) person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite一個(gè)人的睡眠與他/她的食欲沒有關(guān)系；D．a(chǎn) study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago一項(xiàng)研究關(guān)于在芝加哥大學(xué)進(jìn)行。根據(jù)第四段第一句Recently， researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! （最近，芝加哥大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，清楚地表明，缺乏睡眠會(huì)改變我們的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)! ）和倒數(shù)第二段Furthermore， researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time， well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods， leading to obesity (肥胖).可知D是正確的。

【4】A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化學(xué)成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.【然后研究人員分析了參與研究的血液中化學(xué)物質(zhì)。他們注意到的事情令人驚訝。高水平的激素(一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)讓我們饑餓)和低水平的瘦素(告訴大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)滿意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被發(fā)現(xiàn)�！靠芍�使人感到饑餓的物質(zhì)是激素ghrelin，故選A。

【5】B考查主旨理解題。A．researchers working on people’s sleep研究人員在研究人們的睡眠；B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite人的睡眠如何影響他們的食欲；C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less在睡少后，人們需要吃多少東西；D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people研究人的血液中化學(xué)物質(zhì)。本文主要內(nèi)容：人睡的少更想吃東西，特別是想吃不健康的食品，芝加哥大學(xué)對(duì)此做了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于睡眠和肥胖之間有和聯(lián)系的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)高水平的激素(一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)讓我們饑餓)和低水平的瘦素(告訴大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)滿意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)本文主要內(nèi)容可知選B。