Question

In the Caucasus region（高加索地區(qū)）, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Caucasus people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.
　　These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasus people aged 110-140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.
　　What accounts for this ability to survive (live) to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They began their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experience: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Rustam has no plan of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he’s slowed down a bit. Now he might quit (stop working) for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
　　All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations（海拔）of 5,000 to 12, 000 feet(1,660 to 4,000meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel（血管）system stronger.
　　Another factor（因素）that may lead to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressure（壓力）and worries of industrial society.
　　Inherited（遺傳的） factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grandparents who also reached very old age. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
　　Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. All of them eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
　　It is clear that isolation from urban pressure and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all lead to the health and remarkable long life of all these people

1. 1.
   What is the main idea of this article?
   1. A.
      Cause and effect of long-lived life
   2. B.
      People in the world enjoying a longer life
   3. C.
      Factors leading to the health and long life of people
   4. D.
      A description of several societies where people living a long life
2. 2.
   “The idea of aging is foreign to them” means that ______.
   1. A.
      they don’t care much about their age
   2. B.
      they have no idea of how old they are
   3. C.
      they won’t say anything about their age until they are asked to
   4. D.
      the idea of getting old has never come into their mind
3. 3.
   How do you think the writer feels about these long-lived people?
   1. A.
      He is much impressed with them
   2. B.
      He doesn’t care a bit about them
   3. C.
      He hopes that they will live a still longer life
   4. D.
      He doesn’t think their life is full of pressure and worries

Answer 1

CDA
這篇文章講了一些生存在世界上的長(zhǎng)壽人以及他們的生活環(huán)境，生活方式還有飲食習(xí)慣。
1.主旨題。根據(jù)全文大意可知，這篇文章在說影響人們健康和長(zhǎng)壽的因素。故選C
2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由第二段Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60. 當(dāng)他們的被問到什么年齡代表著青年的結(jié)束。他們大多沒有概念，由幾個(gè)人回答道，“或許到80歲吧”。最少也到60歲吧。由此可以推斷出“The idea of aging is foreign to them”的意思是“他們從來沒有過變老的這種想法”。故選D
3.推斷題。由全文大意可以推斷出，這些長(zhǎng)壽人給作者留下非常深刻的印象，可排除B,C,D。故選A
考點(diǎn)：人生百味類說明文
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文圍繞長(zhǎng)壽這一主題，講述了相關(guān)的長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)，因素。主旨題需要學(xué)生在每篇文章的總起段落進(jìn)行找答案，或是第一段或是最后一段。推斷題，學(xué)生可以結(jié)合題目所在的文章相對(duì)應(yīng)地方的前一段或是后一段進(jìn)行理解，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)利用排除可以作答。