Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is "What's your name?" Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they
mean?
People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright"; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means "world ruler"; Leonard means "as brave as a lion".
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook (С?); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter - a person who owned or drove a cart（手推車）； Potter -a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors (祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John
Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast
runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added -s or -son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
【小題1】Which of the following aspects（方面）do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A．Places where people lived.
B．People's characters.
C．Talents that people had.
D．People's occupations.
【小題2】 According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A．owned or drove a cart
B．made things with metals
C．made kitchen tools or contains
D．built houses and furniture
【小題3】If an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.
A．Beatrice Smith
B．Leonard Carter
C．George Longstreet
D．Donald Greenwood
【小題4】 The underlined word "descendants" in the last paragraph means a person's _______.
A．后代B．朋友C．同事D．同伴


【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：這篇短文中作者告訴了我們?nèi)藗兊拿质菑哪睦飦淼摹Ｍㄟ^閱讀這篇短文我們可以知道，一些人的名字來源于一些名人，有的人的名字跟他們住的地方有關(guān)，還有的跟他們祖先從事的職業(yè)有關(guān)。甚至我們還能從人們的名字上知道這個(gè)人頭發(fā)、皮膚的顏色、特點(diǎn)等。還有些人的名字是在父親名字的后面加上一些東西變來的。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文中The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.可知A在短文中提到了；根據(jù)The ancestors (祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.可知C在短文中提到了；根據(jù)Other early surnames came from people's occupations可知D也提到了。但是B選項(xiàng)說人們的名字來源于性格，這個(gè)沒有說到。故選B。
【小題2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文中Potter -a person who made pots and pans.可知，有些人的名字跟他們祖先做過的職業(yè)有關(guān)系。由此我們猜測(cè)Potter這個(gè)家族的祖先也許是制作廚房的工具或容器的。故選C。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第五段可知，有些人的名字來源于他們住的地方，The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest，因此這個(gè)家庭的姓應(yīng)該是Greenwood。而根據(jù)題目中要求的，他們希望自己的孩子成為世界的領(lǐng)袖，短文中告訴我們Donald means "world ruler"，因此這個(gè)孩子的名字應(yīng)該是Donald Greenwood。故選D。
【小題4】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)短文最后一段以及這個(gè)單詞所在的句子可知，有些人的名字是在他們父親的名字后邊加上一些東西來的，如Johnsons是John的后代。由此我們可以猜測(cè)出descendant這個(gè)單詞的意思是后代。故選A。
考點(diǎn)：文化類短文閱讀。

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