【題目】下圖為我國(guó)某地地質(zhì)剖面示意圖，回答下列問(wèn)題。

（1）甲地和乙地的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造分別是_________________和_________________。

（2）丁地地貌的形成原因是 。

（3）請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述丙地地貌的形成過(guò)程。

【答案】（1）向斜(或褶皺) （1分） 斷層（1分）

（2）背斜頂部受張力作用(2分)，巖層破碎，易受外力侵蝕形成谷地(2分)

（3）流水帶來(lái)大量泥沙（2分），當(dāng)水流流出出山口時(shí)，由于地勢(shì)突然趨于平緩（2分），河道變得開(kāi)闊， 水流速度減慢， 河流搬運(yùn)的物質(zhì)逐漸在山麓地帶沉積下來(lái)，形成扇狀堆積地貌。（2分）

【解析】試題分析：

（1）根據(jù)圖中巖層形態(tài)特點(diǎn)，甲地和乙地的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造分別是向斜(或褶皺)、 斷層。

（2）圖中丁地地貌是背斜谷，成因是背斜頂部受張力作用，巖層破碎，易受外力侵蝕形成谷地。

（3）讀圖，丙地地貌是山麓沖積扇。河流在山區(qū)流速快，侵蝕力強(qiáng)，流水帶來(lái)大量泥沙，當(dāng)水流流出出山口時(shí)，由于地勢(shì)突然趨于平緩，河道變得開(kāi)闊， 水流速度減慢， 河流搬運(yùn)的物質(zhì)逐漸在山麓地帶沉積下來(lái)，形成扇狀堆積地貌。

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