【題目】閱讀下列材料,完成下列各小題。
若羌縣是新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)巴音郭楞蒙古自治州轄縣。該縣先后被授予“中國紅棗產(chǎn)業(yè)龍頭縣”、“全國果菜無公害十強(qiáng)縣”、“中國紅棗之鄉(xiāng)”等多項榮譽(yù)稱號。棗樹的生長習(xí)性:喜溫樹種;生長期對溫度反應(yīng)比較敏感;喜光性強(qiáng),需年日照時數(shù)在2000小時以上;棗樹耐旱,年降水量不足100毫米也能正常生長發(fā)育;棗抗風(fēng)力較強(qiáng);棗樹對土壤條件要求不嚴(yán),抗鹽堿、耐瘠薄。
(1)結(jié)合若羌地區(qū)的氣候特點(diǎn)和紅棗的生長習(xí)性,分析若羌地區(qū)適合棗樹生長的氣候方面區(qū)位優(yōu)勢。
(2)我國紅棗大體分為兩大產(chǎn)區(qū),一是西北地區(qū)(新疆、甘肅等),二是中東部地區(qū)(陜西、山西、河南和山東等),僅以干果和鮮果劃分銷售類型來看,簡述兩大產(chǎn)區(qū)各自適合的主要銷售類型及原因。
(3)若羌地區(qū)把棗樹作為主要的防護(hù)林樹種、退耕還林的經(jīng)濟(jì)林和城鎮(zhèn)綠化的景觀林。請你說說棗樹的生態(tài)環(huán)境意義。
【答案】
(1)深居內(nèi)陸,地形閉塞,降水少,云量少,光照條件好;該地為溫帶大陸性氣候,氣溫的年變化大,紅棗耐寒、耐高溫,抗大風(fēng)能力強(qiáng),成活率高;從4月到10月,該地區(qū)氣溫高適宜紅棗的生長發(fā)育和成熟,結(jié)果率高;該地氣溫的日較差大,有利于糖分的積累,品質(zhì)好。
(2)西北地區(qū)以干果銷售為主,西北干燥,蒸發(fā)量大,自然晾干制作成本低;距離東部市場遠(yuǎn),運(yùn)輸時間長,鮮果重不易保鮮,運(yùn)輸成本高。中東部地區(qū),以鮮果銷售為主,東部人口多,銷售量大,保存、銷售和運(yùn)輸?shù)臅r間短,品質(zhì)好;東部地區(qū)氣候較濕潤,鮮棗烘干環(huán)節(jié)成本高干。
(3)防風(fēng)固沙,保護(hù)綠洲,凈化空氣,美好環(huán)境
【解析】
試題分析:
(1)若羌地區(qū)適合棗樹生長的氣候方面區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,可以從熱量、光照、溫差等方面回答。
(2)西北地區(qū)以干果銷售為主,中東部地區(qū),以鮮果銷售為主,原因可以從人口、市場、交通等方面回答。
(3)棗樹的生態(tài)環(huán)境意義,可以從防風(fēng)固沙、保護(hù)綠洲、凈化空氣等方面回答。
【知識點(diǎn)】區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的條件、布局特點(diǎn)、問題,農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的方法與途徑
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