如圖所示,兩塊豎直放置的平行金屬板A、B,兩板間距d=0.04m,兩板間的電壓U=400V,板間有一勻強(qiáng)電場.在A、B兩板上端連線的中點(diǎn)Q的正上方,距Q為h=1.25m的P點(diǎn)處有一帶正電小球,已知小球的質(zhì)量m=5×106kg,電荷量q=5×108C.設(shè)A、B板足夠長,g取10m/s2.求:                                                                  

(1)帶正電小球從P點(diǎn)開始由靜止下落,經(jīng)多長時(shí)間到達(dá)Q點(diǎn)?                                       

(2)帶正電小球從Q點(diǎn)進(jìn)入電場后,經(jīng)多長時(shí)間與金屬板相碰?                                      

(3)相碰時(shí),離金屬板上端的距離多大?                                                                    

                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                     


(1)設(shè)小球從P到Q需時(shí)間t1,由h=

  t1==0.5s

(2)設(shè)小球進(jìn)入電場后運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間為t2

則qE=ma

  E=

則小球水平方向的加速度a=

水平方向作勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng),則有

解得t2=0.02s

故總時(shí)間為t=t1+t2=0.52s

(2)小球由P點(diǎn)開始在豎直方向上始終是自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng),則y==2.45m

答:

(1)帶正電小球從P點(diǎn)開始由靜止下落,經(jīng)0.5s時(shí)間到達(dá)Q點(diǎn);

(2)帶正電小球從P點(diǎn)開始由靜止下落,經(jīng)0.52s和金屬板相碰;

(3)相碰時(shí),離金屬板上端的距離為2.45m.


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