如圖所示,水平地面上有A、B兩點(diǎn),且兩點(diǎn)間距離LAB=15m,質(zhì)量m=2kg的物體(可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn))靜止在A點(diǎn),為使物體運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn),現(xiàn)給物體施加一水平F=10N的拉力,求拉力F作用的最短時(shí)間.(已知地面與物塊的滑動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ=0.2,g取10m/s2.                                                                                                                

                                                             

                                                                                                                                 


解:要使F作用時(shí)間最短,則F作用一段最短時(shí)間t1后撤去該力,使物體勻減速運(yùn)動(dòng)t2時(shí)間在B點(diǎn)恰好停止.

設(shè)勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度為a1,運(yùn)動(dòng)的位移為s1,由題意可得:

F﹣μmg=ma1

設(shè)撤去F后物體做勻減速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速度大小為a2,時(shí)間為t2,位移為s2,由題意可得:

μmg=ma2

a1t1=a2t2

s1+s2=LAB

聯(lián)立解得最短的時(shí)間t1=2s.

答:拉力F作用的最短時(shí)間為2s.


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