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一間新房要蓋屋頂,為了使下落的雨滴能夠以最短的時(shí)間淌離屋頂,則所蓋屋頂?shù)捻斀菓?yīng)為(設(shè)雨滴沿屋頂下淌時(shí),可看成在光滑的斜坡上下滑)(                                                          )                                 

    A.             60° B.             90° C.             120°    D. 150°

                                                                                                                                       

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聲音在空氣中的傳播速度v(單位為 m/s)與空氣的密度ρ(單位為 kg/m3)、壓強(qiáng)p(單位為N/m2)有關(guān),下列速度的表達(dá)式(k為比例系數(shù),無(wú)單位)中真確的是(                              )                        

    A.             v=k               B. v=        C. v=3      D. v=

                                                                                                                                       

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力F1單獨(dú)作用在物體A上時(shí)產(chǎn)生的加速度a1大小為5m/s2,力F2單獨(dú)作用在物體A上時(shí)產(chǎn)生的加速度a2大小為2m/s2,那么,力F1和F2同時(shí)作用在物體A上時(shí)產(chǎn)生的加速度a可能是(    )                            

    A.             5m/s2                B. 2m/s2          C.    8m/s2      D. 6m/s2

                                                                                                                                       

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如圖示,A、B兩物體疊放在一起,用手托住,讓它們靜止靠在墻邊,然后釋放,它們同時(shí)沿豎直墻面下滑,已知mA>mB,則物體B(                                                                                  )                                 

                                                                                                                                

    A.  只受一個(gè)重力

    B.  受到重力、摩擦力各一個(gè)

    C.  受到重力、彈力、摩擦力各一個(gè)

    D.  受到重力、摩擦力各一個(gè),彈力兩個(gè)

                                                                                                                                       

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如圖所示,在距水平地面高為0.4m處,水平固定一根長(zhǎng)直光滑桿,桿上P處固定一定滑輪,滑輪可繞水平軸無(wú)摩擦轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),在P點(diǎn)的右邊,桿上套一質(zhì)量m=3kg的滑塊A.半徑R=0.3m的光滑半圓形軌道豎直地固定在地面上,其圓心O在P點(diǎn)的正下方,在軌道上套有一質(zhì)量m=3kg的小球B.用一條不可伸長(zhǎng)的柔軟細(xì)繩,通過(guò)定滑輪將兩小球連接起來(lái).桿和半圓形軌道在同一豎直面內(nèi),滑塊和小球均可看作質(zhì)點(diǎn),且不計(jì)滑輪大小的影響.現(xiàn)給滑塊A施加一個(gè)水平向右、大小為60N的恒力F,則:                                                                                                                   

(1)求把小球B從地面拉到半圓形軌道頂點(diǎn)C的過(guò)程中力F做的功.                                

(2)求小球B運(yùn)動(dòng)到C處時(shí)所受的向心力的大。                                                        

(3)問(wèn)小球B被拉到離地多高時(shí)滑塊A與小球B的速度大小相等?                                    

                                                           

                                                                                                                                       

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一般教室門上都安裝一種暗鎖,這種暗鎖由外殼A、骨架B、彈簧C(勁度系數(shù)為k)、鎖舌D(傾斜角θ=45°)、鎖槽E,以及連桿、鎖頭等部件組成,如圖1所示.設(shè)鎖舌D的側(cè)面與外殼A和鎖槽E之間的摩擦因數(shù)均為μ,最大靜摩擦力fm由fm=μN(yùn)(N為正壓力)求得.有一次放學(xué)后,當(dāng)某同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備關(guān)門時(shí),無(wú)論用多大的力,也不能將門關(guān)上(這種現(xiàn)象稱為自鎖),此刻暗鎖所處的狀態(tài)的俯視圖如圖2所示,P為鎖舌D與鎖槽E之間的接觸點(diǎn),彈簧由于被壓縮而縮短了x.                                                                                                                                      

                                   

(1)試問(wèn),自鎖狀態(tài)時(shí)D的下表面所受摩擦力的方向                                                    

(2)求此時(shí)(自鎖時(shí))鎖舌D與鎖槽E之間的正壓力的大小                                          

(3)無(wú)論用多大的力拉門,暗鎖仍然能夠保持自鎖狀態(tài),則μ至少要多大?                                    

                                                                                                                                       

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一般來(lái)說(shuō),正常人從距地面1.5m高處跳下,落地時(shí)速度較小,經(jīng)過(guò)腿部的緩沖,這個(gè)速度對(duì)人是安全的,稱為安全著地速度.如果人從高空跳下,必須使用降落傘才能安全著陸,其原因是,張開的降落傘受到空氣對(duì)傘向上的阻力作用.經(jīng)過(guò)大量實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論研究表明,空氣對(duì)降落傘的阻力f與空氣密度ρ、降落傘的迎風(fēng)面積S、降落傘相對(duì)空氣速度v、阻力系數(shù)c有關(guān)(由傘的形狀、結(jié)構(gòu)、材料等決定),其表達(dá)式是f=cρSv2.根據(jù)以上信息,解決下列問(wèn)題.(取g=10m/s2)                                                                                                                                 

(1)在忽略空氣阻力的情況下,計(jì)算人從1.5m 高處跳下著地時(shí)的速度大。ㄓ(jì)算時(shí)人可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn));                                                                                                                            

(2)在某次高塔跳傘訓(xùn)練中,運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用的是有排氣孔的降落傘,其阻力系數(shù)c=0.90,空氣密度取ρ=1.25kg/m3.降落傘、運(yùn)動(dòng)員總質(zhì)量m=80kg,張開降落傘后達(dá)到勻速下降時(shí),要求人能安全著地,降落傘的迎風(fēng)面積S至少是多大?                                                                                                                                    

(3)跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員和降落傘的總質(zhì)量m=80kg,從跳傘塔上跳下,在下落過(guò)程中,經(jīng)歷了張開降落傘前自由下落、張開降落傘后減速下落和勻速下落直至落地三個(gè)階段.如圖是通過(guò)固定在跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員身上的速度傳感器繪制出的從張開降落傘開始做減速運(yùn)動(dòng)至達(dá)到勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的v﹣t圖象.根據(jù)圖象估算運(yùn)動(dòng)員做減速運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,空氣阻力對(duì)降落傘做的功.                                                                                                                                    

                                                               

                                                                                                                                       

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獵狗能以最大速度v1=10m/s持續(xù)地奔跑,野兔只能以最大速度v2=8m/s的速度持續(xù)奔跑.一只野兔在離洞窟s1=200m處的草地上玩耍,獵狗發(fā)現(xiàn)野兔后徑直朝野兔追來(lái).兔子發(fā)現(xiàn)獵狗時(shí),與獵狗相距s2=60m且獵狗速度已達(dá)最大,兔子立即掉頭跑向洞窟.設(shè)獵狗、野兔、洞窟總在同一直線上,求:                                                   

(1)野兔必須在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)回到洞窟才能保證安全;                                                     

(2)野兔的加速度至少要多大才能保證安全回到洞窟.                                                 

                                                                                                                                       

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一艘宇宙飛船飛近某一新發(fā)現(xiàn)的行星,并進(jìn)入靠近該行星表面的圓形軌道繞行數(shù)圈后,著陸在行星上,宇宙飛船上備有以下實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器:                                                                                                                  

A.彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)一個(gè)                                                                                                         

B.精確秒表一只                                                                                                            

C.天平一臺(tái)(附砝碼一套)                                                                                           

D.物體一個(gè)                                                                                                                   

為測(cè)定該行星的質(zhì)量M和半徑R,宇航員在繞行及著陸后各進(jìn)行一次測(cè)量,依據(jù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)可以求出M和R(已知引力常量為G).                                                                                                                           

(1)繞行時(shí)測(cè)量所用的儀器為                                                              (用儀器的字母序號(hào)表示),所測(cè)物理量為        .                                                                                                             

(2)著陸后測(cè)量所用的儀器為                                                    ,所測(cè)物理量為               .用測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)求該星球半徑R=                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                       

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某實(shí)驗(yàn)小組采用如圖1所示的裝置研究“小車運(yùn)動(dòng)變化規(guī)律”.打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器工作頻率為50Hz.                                         

實(shí)驗(yàn)的部分步驟如下:                                                                                                    

a.將木板的左端墊起,以平衡小車的摩擦力;                                                               

b.在小車中放入砝碼,紙帶穿過(guò)打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器,連在小車后端,用細(xì)線連接小車和鉤碼;                                

c.將小車停在打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器附近,接通電源,釋放小車,小車拖動(dòng)紙帶,打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器在紙帶上打下一系列的點(diǎn),斷開電源;                                                                                                                                       

d.改變鉤碼或小車中砝碼的質(zhì)量,更換紙帶,重復(fù)b、c的操作.                                      

                                       

(1)設(shè)鉤碼質(zhì)量為m1、砝碼和小車總質(zhì)量為m2,重力加速度為g,則小車的加速度為:a=              (用題中所給字母表示);                                                                                                                

(2)如圖2是某次實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到的一條紙帶,在紙帶上取計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)O、A、B、C、D和E,用最小刻度是毫米的刻度尺進(jìn)行測(cè)量,讀出各計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的刻度x,通過(guò)計(jì)算得到各計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)到O的距離s以及對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)刻小車的瞬時(shí)速度v.請(qǐng)將C點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的測(cè)量xC值和計(jì)算速度vC值填在下表中的相應(yīng)位置.                                                                   

計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)        x/cm           s/cm           v/(m•s1

O                1.00                              0.30

A                2.34            1.34            0.38

B                4.04            3.04            0.46

C                             5.00               

D                8.33            7.33            0.61

E                10.90          9.90            0.70

(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)小組通過(guò)繪制△v2﹣s圖線來(lái)分析運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律(其中△v2=v2﹣v02,v是各計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)刻小車的瞬時(shí)速度,v0是O點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)刻小車的瞬時(shí)速度).他們根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)在圖3中標(biāo)出了O、A、B、D、E對(duì)應(yīng)的坐標(biāo)點(diǎn),請(qǐng)你在該圖中標(biāo)出計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)C對(duì)應(yīng)的坐標(biāo)點(diǎn),并畫出△v2﹣s圖線.                                                                      

(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)小組繪制的△v2﹣s圖線的斜率k=                                          (用題中所給字母表示),若發(fā)現(xiàn)該斜率大于理論值,其原因可能是                                                                                  .       

                                                                                                                                       

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