Question

【題目】請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

Many of today's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more important than a failed system of education that avoids teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called 'decision-making', was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced 'character education', which didn't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel, but encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self- control.

Decision-making curriculums pose ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are based on people's own ideas. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they've never acquired in the first place. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.

This kind of confusion further encouraged by values-education programs that are little more than courses in self-worth. These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can't do anything bad.

It is time to throw 'decision-making' and 'none-judgementalism' into the rubbish heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it, but by practicing it.

Children Must Be Taught to Distinguish Right from Wrong

Problem	Many young people find it 【1】 to see their actions in a moral way.
Reason	Replacing character education, the decision-making approach does not teach children 【2】 morality but emphasizes subjective judgment on right and wrong.
Consequences	● 【3】 decision-making curriculums were meant to give students the chance to 【4】good moral conclusions by themselves, they make students 【5】 confused, due to the 【6】 of criteria on what's right and wrong. ● Values-education programs 【7】 students' moral confusion. Those with self-acceptance will make the assumption that they can't do anything wrong. ● Public education based on decision-making approach, which 【8】 to guide youngsters on the right track, fuels the explosion of serious 【9】 problems.
Solution	An immediate shift back to character education is needed. Moral formation can be achieved by means of 【10】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】hard/difficult

【2】traditional

【3】While

【4】draw/ reach

【5】morally

【6】absence

【7】worsen

【8】fails

【9】social

【10】practice

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。美國的決策教育是失敗的，因?yàn)樗�不僅沒有教會(huì)孩子道德，還讓他們產(chǎn)生了道德困惑，造成了嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。文章呼吁重新開始品格教育，因?yàn)樗�才是道德教育�?shí)現(xiàn)的途徑。

【1】考查形容詞。根據(jù)第一段的Many of today's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions.可知，今天的許多年輕人很難看到自己行為的道德層面。此處用hard/difficult “困難的”符合文意，故填hard/difficult。

【2】考查形容詞。根據(jù)第一段的There are a number of reasons why that's true, but none more important than a failed system of education that avoids teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called 'decision-making', was introduced in schools 25 years ago.可知，這種情況有很多原因，但最重要的是一個(gè)失敗的教育系統(tǒng)，它避免教給孩子們把美國人作為一個(gè)社會(huì)和文化聯(lián)系在一起的傳統(tǒng)道德價(jià)值觀。這種失敗方法叫做“決策”，25年前被引入學(xué)校。此處用traditional“傳統(tǒng)的”符合文意，故填traditional。

【3】考查連詞。根據(jù)第二段的Decision-making curriculums pose ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are based on people's own ideas.和But the actual result is moral confusion.可知，決策教育不僅沒有讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)道德，但實(shí)際結(jié)果是道德混亂。故前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處用while“盡管”符合文意，故填While。

【4】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第一段的It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong.可知，決策教育告訴孩子們自己決定什么是對(duì)，什么是錯(cuò)。此處用reach/draw“得出/總結(jié)”符合文意，故填reach/draw。

【5】考查副詞。根據(jù)第二段的But the actual result is moral confusion.可知，但實(shí)際的結(jié)果是道德上的混亂。此處用morally“道德上地”符合文意，故填morally。

【6】考查名詞。根據(jù)第二段的Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they've never acquired in the first place.可知，年輕人被迫去質(zhì)疑他們一開始就沒有獲得過的價(jià)值觀和美德。即他們?nèi)狈ε袛鄬?duì)錯(cuò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故此處用absence“缺乏”符合文意，故填absence。

【7】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第三段的This kind of confusion further encouraged by values-education programs可知，價(jià)值觀教育計(jì)劃進(jìn)一步助長了這種混亂。此處用worsen“惡化”符合文意，故填worsen。

【8】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第三段的These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can't do anything bad.(這些項(xiàng)目基于一個(gè)假設(shè)的問題，那就是一個(gè)自我感覺良好孩子不會(huì)想做任何錯(cuò)事。但是，做一個(gè)相反的假設(shè)也是合理的，即：一個(gè)總是相信自己、接受自己的孩子會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論：他/她不會(huì)做任何錯(cuò)事)可知，決策教育并沒有把孩子們引導(dǎo)進(jìn)入正確的軌道，反而會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。故此處用fail“失敗”符合文意，故填fails。

【9】考查形容詞。根據(jù)第三段的These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.(這些項(xiàng)目基于一個(gè)假設(shè)的問題，那就是一個(gè)自我感覺良好孩子不會(huì)想做任何錯(cuò)事。但是，做一個(gè)相反的假設(shè)也是合理的，即：一個(gè)總是相信自己、接受自己的孩子會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論：他/她不會(huì)做任何錯(cuò)事)可知，決策教育并沒有把孩子們引導(dǎo)進(jìn)入正確的軌道，反而會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。故此處用social“社會(huì)的”符合文意，故填social。

【10】考查名詞。根據(jù)最后一段的It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it, but by practicing it.可知，它是建立在這樣一種理解之上的：我們學(xué)習(xí)道德不是通過辯論而是通過實(shí)踐。此處用practice“實(shí)踐”符合文意，故填practice。