Question

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（絆腳） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In these and other research findings, two themes are : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be rather than drunk.

1.A. study B. way C. word D. college

2.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back

3.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive

4.A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing

5.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing

6.A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept

7.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example

8.A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed

9.A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working

10.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down

11.A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact

12.A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange

13.A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances

14.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health

15.A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.D

8.B

9.B

10.A

11.A

12.B

13.C

14.D

15.D

【解析】

【文章大意】研究表明，出于某種原因，我們更愿意幫助我們喜歡的人和我們認(rèn)為值得幫助的人。

1.根據(jù)下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以選A。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。

2.根據(jù)下文if his face was spotless提示。受害者臉上有一個巨大的紅色胎記。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。

3.根據(jù)下文are more likely to receive aid提示選receive。如果受害者的臉無污點(diǎn)的比有不引人注意的胎記更有可能獲得援助。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。

4.此處challenge挑戰(zhàn)； record記錄；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解這些和其他研究結(jié)果過程中， 發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個重要的主題。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。

5.此處important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娛樂的； missing失去的。在了解這些和其他研究結(jié)果過程中， 發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個重要的主題。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。

6.deserve意為“值得”。因為某種原因我們更愿意幫助我們喜歡的人和我們認(rèn)為值得幫助的人。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。

7.下文舉列說明觀點(diǎn)：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以選D。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查介詞短語詞義及語境理解。

8.根據(jù)下文actually mailed it or not提示選mailed。意思是申請被郵寄。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。

9.此處talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有幫助的；hard-working勤奮的。附在申請上的照片一張是相貌好看的、一張不太有吸引力的人。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。

10.結(jié)果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人們更可能遞送這個申請。send in意為“遞送”。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查動詞短語含義及語境理解。

11.在潛在的助手和有需要的人之間的相似程度也很重要。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。

12.此處expensive昂貴的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿著T恤上印上挑釁的話和穿著樸素的T恤的人相對比，人們更愿意幫助穿著樸素T恤的人。plain意為“簡樸的;樸素的”。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。

13.此處time 時間； instructions 說明；money 錢； chances機(jī)會。根據(jù)常識應(yīng)該給錢買牛奶。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。

14.對健康來說，牛奶被認(rèn)為比餅干更不可缺少。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。

15.此處talkative 健談的；handsome英俊的； calm平靜的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到幫助。

【考點(diǎn)定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。