A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(長期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遺傳) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
小題1:What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.
B．Heavy drinking affects college students.
C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.
D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.
小題2:Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?
A．Low binge drinkersB．moderate binge drinkers
C．Increasing binge drinkersD．Stable binge drinkers
小題3:Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.
A．a(chǎn)dolescent students were not suitable for drinking
B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain
C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence
D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices
小題4:What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.
A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is
B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect
C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making
D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：文章介紹了一個研究結(jié)果，在年輕的時候就長期喝酒的年輕人在做決定方面很差，分析了原因和問題。
小題1:主旨題：從文章第一段的句子：A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(長期的) alcoholics.可知很早就喝酒的年輕人不擅長做決定。選C
小題2:細節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,”可知長期或經(jīng)常喝酒的年輕人可能做出最不好的選擇。選D
小題3:細節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遺傳) on psychological development,”早早就開始喝酒的年輕人大腦沒有得到很好的發(fā)展。選C
小題4:細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”可知 Kenneth J. Sher
認為重要的事情是很明顯的。選A
點評：閱讀本文時要注意作者組織本文的結(jié)構：引題——論據(jù)——論點，只有把握了作者的中心論點，做題時才不會偏離議論中心。題目設置重點是推理題，通過文章的重點句子，理解作者的真正意圖。
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is it wrong to use someone else’s wireless (Wi-Fi) connection? Just recently, a man was arrested for doing just that. At that time, he was sitting in the street with a laptop(便攜式電腦) and using an unsecured(無安全保護措施) wireless connection to surf the Net. What do you think about this topic? Listen to the following different views on it.
For a start, if someone is using your Internet service or downloading, this will affect your speed of access or download limit. Also, it’s bad for Internet service providers. They will suffer in the long run because fewer people will pay for an Internet service if they know they can get it for free. And finally, just imagine this: what if the person who is stealing your Internet connection is involved in an illegal activity? I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals.
— by Sandra Wilkins
Basically, if the person who paid for the service still has everything they paid for, what’s the problem? It’s just like using the light from streetlamps to read your book, or watching someone else’s firework display. It’s not stealing.
Also, if you leave your wireless connection unsecured, then it is your own fault(過錯) if someone else uses it. Just as you wouldn’t leave your front door unlocked, or your car door open, neither should you leave your wireless connection open. By leaving your wireless connection open, you are inviting people to use it. Securing your wireless connection is as easy as clicking a few settings on your router(路由器). And finally, haven’t the police got more important crimes to solve? They’re always saying how they haven’t got the manpower to solve real issues. But this is just ridiculous(荒謬的).
— by James Hoarley
小題1: Why was the man mentioned in the first paragraph arrested?
A．For stealing someone’s laptop.
B．For surfing the Net in the street.
C．For destroying others’ wireless connection.
D．For using an Internet service without permission.
小題2: What does Sandra Wilkins think of people using others’ Internet service?
A．He thinks it is unacceptable.
B．He thinks it is necessary sometimes.
C．He thinks it requires good computer skills.
D．He thinks it is good for Internet service providers.
小題3: In James Hoarley’s opinion, ______.
A．Internet service should be improved.
B．it is hard to secure one’s wireless connection.
C．using others’ Internet service is not stealing at all.
D．people should leave their wireless connection open.
小題4: What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Wireless connectionB．Wireless worries
C．Internet serviceD．Internet users

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead. “ We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesn’t leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods which a plane or a motorcar could never do.
Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey. Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling at 150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason..
小題1:Some people think the railways are unnecessary for many reasons except that       .
A．planes and motorcars have taken the place of trains
B．oil is expensive today
C．trains are slow
D．railways lose money
小題2:According to the writer, which of the following is Not true?
A．It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.
B．The railway station is usually at the center of the city.
C．When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center.
D．No motorcar or plane can carry as many goods as a train does.
小題3:The writer thinks that the railways, far from being dead, are very much alive because      .
A．we can have a smooth and untroubled journey
B．we’ll not have enough money to fly in planes
C．we can now travel in super-fast train
D．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題4:The best title for this passage may be”        ”
A．Not the End but the Beginning
B．Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane
C．Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes
D．Oh, Super-fast Trains

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A staycation is a vacation when you do not travel at all. Some people use a staycation to just stay at home, and others prefer to experience the attractions around them without traveling very far.
There are many choices for staycations. Any town or city has plenty of choices for things to do if you know where to look. If the weather is nice, you can visit the local gardens or forests for a hike. You can look online for several historic places and create your own history tours. Of course, you can also visit other attractions in the areas like museums, restaurants, bars, parks, beaches, and so on. Often, if you drive just a few hours, you can find a city that you can walk around and see. Then by driving home you can save the cost of a hotel and a plane ride.
Others take the term “staycation” word for word and do not leave their houses at all. Some choices for this can include taking time off to cook a great meal and enjoy it together or spending all day at a pool.
Just as a coin has two sides, staycation has its advantages as well as disadvantages.
Since you are not traveling or staying in a hotel, a staycation can be unbelievably costeffective（低成本的）. You don’t have to pay for a hotel, so that cost has been completely eliminated. You are also saving by not driving very far and by not taking an airplane anywhere. Travel costs have become really high, and the farther you go, the higher they are. By staying close to home, you cut that cost by quite a bit. You are also pushing money back into your local economy（經(jīng)濟）by spending your money at local businesses rather than in cities that are far away from home.  Finally, any stress that you feel with travel, whether that is from driving long distances or looking for an airport, will completely disappear.
小題1:For what purpose is the text written?
A．To introduce the general information of staycatons.
B．To compare staycatons with other vacations.
C．To persuade more people to have staycations.
D．To provide different ways of staycations.
小題2:What is one of the advantages of a staycation?
A．The economy in other cities is also improved.
B．People spend nothing when staying at home.
C．You can visit local attractions for free.
D．There is no stress from traveling.
小題3:What does the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 5 probably means?
A．includedB．removed
C．coveredD．raised
小題4:What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．When to take a staycation.B．What disadvantages a staycation has.
C．Why people prefer a staycation.D．How to have a staycation safely.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) led the effort.
　　The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to each state.
Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.
Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left behind Act.
　　Kara Schlosser is communications director for the CCSSO. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.
　　Forty--eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states refuse to accept the idea. Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the national standards will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal control.
　　Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify (取得資格) for some federal grant money.
小題1:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Local Control of Education Standards out of Date
B．American National Education Standards under Consideration
C．Education Standards in Each State--Good or Bad.
D．Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States
小題2:Why is local control of education no 1onger a good idea today?
A．Because local standards are limited.
B．Because it is required by the federal government.
C．Because people today moves among states more often than before.
D．Because America has never had the same school standards throughout the country.
小題3:Some people are against the nationa1 education standards because__________
A．the standards are higher than those of each state
B．they are not yet prepared for the new standards
C．the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence
D．they don't want the federal government to train their teachers
小題4:If a state agrees to accept the national standards, it will probably get ________.
A．more studentsB．a(chǎn)dvice on how to improve teaching
C．better textbooksD．money from the federal government

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg _36____a few coins, do you hurry on, not ___37___ what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly ___38___ some money? What should our attitude__39__ beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories． It ___40___ be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from． It seems ___41___ not to give some money to beggars．
__42____, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and ___43__what we have with those less lucky than ourselves． But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, ___44___ one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea． Quite a few people will not give to beggars． Let us look at their ___45__．
First, some believe that many city beggars dress up ___46___ to look pitiable and actually make a good ___47___ from begging． Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil（惡行）． __48___, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs． Thirdly, there is the opinion__49____there is no real excuse for begging． One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of ___50___ and self-dependence．
Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government __51____ordinary people． Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and __52____ help．
It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various __53___and we must __54___ them differently． A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the__55____．
小題1:
A．toB．withC．a(chǎn)tD．for
小題2:
A．knowingB．expectingC．demandingD．settling
小題3:
A．put awayB．hand overC．take inD．get out
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)tB．inC．overD．towards
小題5:
A．mustB．canC．needD．might
小題6:
A．warm-heartedB．generousC．cruelD．considerate
小題7:
A．StrangelyB．HonestlyC．CertainlyD．Surprisingly
小題8:
A．giveB．donateC．shareD．contribute
小題9:
A．whyB．whenC．whatD．how
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)rgumentsB．quarrelsC．sayingsD．talks
小題11:
A．on showB．on purposeC．for funD．by accident
小題12:
A．moneyB．comfortC．livingD．decision
小題13:
A．SecondlyB．SurelyC．PossiblyD．Then
小題14:
A．whatB．whetherC．thatD．which
小題15:
A．goodnessB．prideC．securityD．responsibility
小題16:
A．rather thanB．or ratherC．other thanD．but also
小題17:
A．produceB．receiveC．earnD．offer
小題18:
A．casesB．eventsC．conditionsD．states
小題19:
A．go withB．communicate withC．deal withD．meet with
小題20:
A．giverB．receiverC．villagerD．government

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials (商業(yè)廣告) thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Good Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas. “Only when you have fallen asleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, can you get separated from the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now!”
As for the ride itself, the beginning of it is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things are keeping changing out of the windows — various houses, crop fields, attractive bridges, … and sometimes even a small accident. Your bus driver may have a unique style of driving and it’s fun trying experience it the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless (魯莽的) or daring, the ride can be as thrilling (驚心動魄的) as an adventurous story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know the riding will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement with that. The seat, of course, has become harder for the hours having passed. By now you may sit with your legs crossed, or with your hands in your lap, or with your hands on the arms, or even with your hands crossed behind your head. That is to say that the end comes just at no more ways to sit.
小題1:According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?
A．Buses on the road.B．Films on television.
C．Advertisements on the billboards.D．Gas stations.
小題2:What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.
B．To persuade you to take some long bus riding.
C．To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.
D．To describe the billboards along the road.
小題3:The writer of this passage would probably prefer ______.
A．those reckless bus drivers
B．driving with no one around
C．a(chǎn) television set on the bus
D．no billboards along the road
小題4:The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because ______.
A．the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun
B．they both have a beginning, a middle and an end, with commercials in between
C．the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses
D．both traveling by bus itself and watching TV programs on bus are not exciting.
小題5:The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are .
A．excitingB．comfortableC．tiringD．boring

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BEIJING - The country's top health officials state that an international charity's decisions not to give millions of dollars to Chinese organizations that fight AIDS and other diseases will not bring about the end of those organizations. 
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria announced on Monday that it will withhold $95 million from the $270 million in grants(補助金) it had planned to give China. That decision came as the result of months of discussion between the charity and Chinese officials. 
On the mainland, a large number of programs meant to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS have received money from the Global Fund. Many observers now fear that the announced cut will undermine those organizations' work. 
Chen Zhu, the minister of health, said officials have found a way to limit the harm. “In the coming five years, the Chinese government will constantly increase its financial support of social organizations, particularly those that work to control and prevent HIV/AIDS.” Chen said while addressing the 6th Experience Exchange Conference of International Cooperation Program on HIV/AIDS in China on Monday. 
In a recent survey of more than 200 organizations taking part in the fight against HIV/AIDS on the mainland, nearly 80 percent of them said they had received grants from the Global Fund. About 83 percent of them said they will find it difficult to continue operating without financial support from abroad, it said. Official statistics showed the Global Fund has given China $548 million in grants since 2003. 
Xia Jing, leader of a Beijing-based grassroots organization dedicated to controlling AIDS, said: “We were like children fostered by foreign milk. As foreign money began to be withdrawn from China, we were faced with serious financial hardships.” Han Mengjie, executive director of Global Fund China Programs, said the Chinese government has fully recognized the important role social organizations play in controlling diseases. “The work done and efforts made by such organizations must be sustained for a long time to supplement the government's intervention work,”he said, “We have to face the truth that international money for AIDS control will gradually leave China and to prepare ourselves to deal with that.” 
小題1:Which sentence is the closest to the title of the passage?
A．China will have to fight against AIDS alone, though facing financial hardship.
B．Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases won’t receive money from international charity.
C．The fight against AIDS won’t be stopped by the withdraw of money from charity in China.
D．Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases will be reduced to despair.
小題2:According to Han Mengjie, which of the following is the most possible action to be taken?
A．Chinese government is expected to seek help from social organization to control diseases
B．Chinese government shouldn’t rely too much on social organizations
C．Social organizations’ work and efforts won’t make much difference to the fight against AID
D．We Chinese are well prepared for the international money’s withdraw from China
小題3:How much money will China have received from Global Fund by the end of this year ?
A．$818B．$548 C．$ 270D．$723
小題4:What implication can we get from the passage？
A．Many people are not optimistic about the control of AIDS.
B．Chinese government will take an active part in AIDS control.
C．International charity are treating China unfairly.
D．Most organization related with AIDS control had received money from the Global Fund before this announcement on Monday.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone knows that the Frenchmen are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Are these just stereotypes or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed or fail?
At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs in the UK found that 70% felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Britain is hostile to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy. As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood.” Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green – eyed monster” and the UK is its home.
Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. Some were given a little, others a great deal. Those given a little were given the chance to destroy the large amount of money given to others – but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.
This seems to prove that the entrepreneurs were right to complain. But there is also conflicting evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development recently reported that the UK is now the world’s fourth largest economy. That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy, either.
“It is not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems proud or unfair or which separates them from their roots.”
Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem. They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them. It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.
小題1:Most entrepreneurs surveyed believe that        .
A．the British people hate success
B．the British people are hardworking
C．love of success is Britain’s national character
D．they are considered as “green – eyed monsters”
小題2:What does the result of the Warwich University’s test show.
A．Two thirds of the people tested didn’t love money.
B．Most people would rather fail than see others succeed.
C．An imaginary amount of money does not attract people.
D．Most people are willing to enjoy success with others.
小題3:The writer of the passage seems to suggest that         .
A．jealousy is Britain’s national character
B．British entrepreneurs are not fairly treated
C．the scientists at Warwich University did a successful test
D．the entrepreneurs in the UK do not behave properly
小題4:The best title for this article can be            .
A．Be More Modest and We Will Love You More
B．Proud Entrepreneurs
C．The Frenchmen are Romantic While The British are Hostile
D．Only Pains but No Gains

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案