Question

【題目】Wilderness

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

【1】John Sauven holds that_____.

A. many people value nature too much

B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

【2】What is the main idea of Para. 3?

A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

【3】What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.

【4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要點) : Conclusion

A. B. C. D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】試題本文客觀闡述了不同的人對于怎么利用荒原持有的不同的觀點。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段these "ecosystem services" far outweigh the gains from exploitation.。得知John Sauven認為“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)”遠比開發(fā)的利益重要得多，由此可推斷他的觀點是開發(fā)荒野有害。故選B 。

【2】主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段第二句和第三句是對另外一種觀點的概括，意思是荒野的有益服務(wù)不能作為不開發(fā)的理由，故選C。

【3】作者態(tài)度題。據(jù)最后兩段就可以看出，作者并沒有直接表明自己的觀點。只是比較客觀的進行闡述。選A。

【4】文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段提出中心論點；第二、三兩段分別闡述了兩種不同的觀點；第四段是作者自己的觀點；最后一點是文章的結(jié)論。推出選D。