Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
小題1:According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap         .
A．helps children to gain weight
B．leads children to work harder
C．improves children’s memories
D．a(chǎn)ffects children’s regular studies
小題2:Compared to traditional schools, students in the year-round ones          .
A．perform better and have more learning gains
B．have much less time for relaxation every year
C．have generally the same number of class days
D．hold more classes with more free weeks off
小題3:Which of the following statements is true?
A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation.
B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap.
C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar.
D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation.
小題4:Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?
A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much.
B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”.
C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap.
D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation.
小題5:What would be the best title of this passage?
A．Opening Summer Camps
B．Forbidding Summer Schools
C．Spreading Year-Round Education
D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:A
小題5:D
文章討論的是在美國的假期以后出現(xiàn)在學(xué)生中的Summer Learning Cap。
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)第一段第二行, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget.可知learning gap影響了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。故D正確。
小題2:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段1,2行But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school.可知C正確。
小題3:A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段1,2行research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students.可知A正確。
小題4:A 推理題。根據(jù)最后一段2,3行the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood.可知A正確。
小題5:D 主旨大意題。文章討論的是在美國的假期以后出現(xiàn)在學(xué)生中的Summer Learning Cap。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The evidence for harmony（和諧）may not be clear in some families. But it seems that four in five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly- held image(印象)of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. ”We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families, ”said one member of the research team. ”They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation(商議) and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat. ”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat the children as friends. ”My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me, ”says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall. ”I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it. ”Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. ”Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that. ”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenagers’ rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, ”O(jiān)ur surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in out social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over. ”
小題1:What is the popular images of teenagers today?
A．They worry about schoolB．They dislike living with their parents
C．They are locked in to avoid troubleD．They quarrel a lot with other family members
小題2:The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ___
A． share family responsibilityB． cause trouble in their families
C． go boating with their familyD． make family decisions
小題3:Compared with parents of 30 years age, today’s parents___.
A． go to clubs more often with their children
B． are much stricter with their children
C． care less about their children’s life
D． give their children more freedom
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A． Negotiation in familyB． Education in family
C． Harmony in familyD． Teenage trouble in family
小題5:Which of the following NOT TRUE?
A.Parents are stricter than their own parents.B Parents get along well with their kids C.Parents will discuss something with their kids  D. Harmony in family is important.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many parents watch the news or other shows as children play nearby. But new research shows that even when the television is just background noise，it may be disruptive to a child’s normal development.
It’s estimated that 75 percent of very young children in the United States live in homes where the television is on most of the time，even though the kids often aren’t watching it. The University of Massachusetts researchers recently studied how TV background noise might affect young children. The study looked at 50 1­，2­and 3­year­olds. Each child came to a lab with a parent and was allowed to play for an hour with various toys. For half the time，a television was on in the room，showing the adult game show as well as advertisements. During the other half hour，the TV was turned off.
As expected，the children paid little attention to the adult television show，glancing at it for less than a few seconds at a time，and less than once a minute. Even so，the distraction (分心) of the background noise had a significant effect on how children at every age played. When the television was on，the children played with each toy for far shorter periods of time，and focused attention during play was also shorter compared to how they played when the TV was off.
Researchers said that even though the children aren’t interested in the show，background TV affects their ability to do various types of play. The finding is important because many well­meaning parents who wouldn’t let their young children watch television may not realize that even adult programs that don’t interest children still can have an effect.
“Background TV is potentially a chronic (長期的) environmental risk factor affecting most American children，” said the lead author of the study. “Parents should limit their young children’s exposure (接觸)．”
小題1:We know from the passage that________.
A．background TV noise has little effect on adults
B．most young children in America live in homes exposed to TV noise
C．the effect of background TV noise on children is immediate
D．most parents in America wouldn’t let their children watch TV
小題2:The underlined word “disruptive” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A．harmfulB．importantC．similar D．related
小題3:In the study，the children________.
A．were all 3­year­oldsB．were asked to watch adult TV shows
C．played for an hour while the TV was onD．played with more than one toy
小題4:What does the study show?
A．Children pay much attention to adult TV shows.
B．Children should be allowed to watch TV for kids only.
C．The background TV noise affects children’s ability to focus.
D．The more toys a child has，the shorter time he plays with each one.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When we look at the sky and see a bright light moving quickly across it or coming towards the earth, we talk about seeing a “shooting star” or a “falling star”. These moving lights are not, in fact, stars at all. They are small pieces of matter from outer space, which burn up as they enter the Earth’s atmosphere. The correct name of them is meteoroids. Any pieces that make it to the Earth’s surface without completely burning up are known as meteorites. A meteor is actually the name given to the light we see when a meteoroid is burning up.
When a meteorite hits the Earth at speeds between 11 and 72 kilometers a second, it can do amazing damage. A very large meteorite could knock the earth out of its orbit. If this happened, all life on Earth would probably become extinct（滅絕）. The path we follow around the Sun would change and as a result the Earth would become either much hotter or much colder. This change in temperature would affect sea levels and the amount of water in rivers. There would either be huge floods, which would cover most of the land with water, or the oceans would dry up and there would be a drought, which means a long period of time without rain. Either way, nothing could survive. If a large meteorite landed in the sea it would almost certainly cause tsunamis, which would race towards the land, destroying everything in their paths.
Although it is unlikely the Earth will be struck by a meteorite large enough to do that kind of damage, there is evidence of fairly large meteorites hitting the Earth in the past. In 1908 a large area of forest in Tunguska, Siberia was destroyed by a meteorite that came apart just before it hit the ground. The moon, however, has about three billion craters隕石坑caused by meteorites impacting影響 its surface. The reason more meteorites have reached the surface of the moon than the surface of the Earth is that the moon does not have enough atmosphere for the meteorites to burn up in. some of the meteorites that have reached the Earth’s surface have done considerable damage. Some scientists believe it was a change of climate caused by meteorites hitting the Earth that resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs and other large prehistoric animals.
Scientists are especially interested in meteorites because they contain information about the solar system. It is widely believed by scientists that most meteorites are produced by collisions（碰撞） between asteroids (small planets). These collisions probably happened many billions of years ago. This means the physical and chemical structure of a meteorite can give scientists information about the early days of the universe.
小題1:The story is about ___.     
A．floods caused by meteors
B．matter from outer space
C．life on Earth millions of years ago
D．meteorites that have damaged the moon
小題2:The Earth has ___.                    
A．three billion craters
B．fewer craters than the moon
C．more craters than the moon
D．a(chǎn) thinner atmosphere than the moon
小題3:Some scientists believe the dinosaurs became extinct because ___.     
A．they were hit by meteors
B．meteorites landed on their nests
C．meteorites landed and changed the climate
D．they could no longer breathe the atmosphere
小題4:Meteors are ___.                                         
A．small planets
B．the same as asteroids
C．from broken parts of asteroids
D．the light we see when meteoroids hit our atmosphere

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history .Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them .Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write．
Sometimes, of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted  and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past．This we may call  “remembered history”．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing．But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful．
小題1:Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?
A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable
B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history．
C．A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions．
D．Where there are no written records．there is no history．
小題2:We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because ___
A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B．the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D．the people there did not know how to write
小題3:“Remembered history” refers to ___．
A．history based on a person’s imagination
B．stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C．songs and dances about the most important events
D．both B and C
小題4:“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when ____.
A．it is written downB．no written account is available
C．it proves to be timeD．people are interested in it
小題5:The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had _____
A．kept a written record of every past event
B．not burnt their written records in wars
C．told exact stories of the most important happenings
D．made more songs and dances

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Learning a Second Language
Some people learn a second language easily. Others have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.
The second step is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing it in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. Several weeks later, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your journal. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it.
You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confident in yourself.
小題1:To feel positive about learning English means _______.
A．if you are patient, you will learn
B．you can understand everything all at once
C．if you make mistakes, you can learn from your mistakes
D．if you believe you can learn, you will learn
小題2:When you learn English, you do not need to ______.
A．be patientB．make mistakes
C．express your ideas in EnglishD．understand everything all at once
小題3:What is not helpful for you to enjoy learning English?
A．To communicate in English.
B．To worry about taking risks.
C．To think about what has been done after each class.
D．To make a record of the achievements.
小題4:What is the main idea of this passage?
A．It is very important to learn a second language.
B．Some people learn a second language easily while other people do not.
C．There are ways to help you learn a second language more easily.
D．Don’t worry about taking risks when learning a second language.
小題5:What does the underlined word “journal” in the 4th paragraphmean?
A．DiaryB．CompositionC．PoemD．Newspaper

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We had known for along time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at special time. The question is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one experiment, flowers were kept in constant (持續(xù)的）darkness. We might expect that the flowers ,without any information about the time of the day, did not open as they usually do. In fact, they continue to open at their usual time. This shows that they have some special ways of knowing the time. Their sense(感覺) time does not depend on information from the outside world. It is inside them: a kind of "inner (內(nèi)部的）clock". This discovery may not seem to be very important. However, it is later found that not just plants but animals have this "inner clock" which control（控制）the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Human beings, then, are also influenced by it. Whether we wish or not, itaffectssuch things in our life as our need for sleep or need for food.
小題1:Before the experiment arrived at a conclusion, people had thought that the flowers would____.
A．never open in constant darkness
B．change their usual time to open
C．open ahead of the time as they usually did
D．continue to open at usual time
小題2:The sense of time that flowers have is connected with_____________.
A．its age and size
B．light and temperature
C．a(chǎn) kind of strange power(力量）inside them
D．some unknown information from the outside world
小題3:What will happen if we make good use of the "inner clock"
A．We'll need less sleep or food.
B．We'll be able to sleep as long as we wish to.
C．We'll be able to change our work time when necessary.
D．We'll have more energy to do our work better.
小題4:What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word" affects"
A．產(chǎn)生B．影響C．給予D．依賴

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mobile phones are an important business tool for farmers in rural areas. But they also put a valuable educational tool in their hands.
The University of Illinois in the United States has a project called SAWBO—Scientific Animations Without Borders. It produces educational videos that can be downloaded to cell phones. The goal is to help people in developing countries improve their lives.
One video shows farmers how to make a natural insecticide from neem seeds to prevent insect damage to crops. The process starts with sorting and drying the neem fruits. Then let the fruit dry in the sun for about three or four days, until they become brown. Using a mortar(碾槌) and stick, the fruits are slightly pounded to remove the shells from the fruits without breaking the seed inside.
The videos use computer animation(動畫). Some of the animated characters are a little funny looking-like a farmer with a long nose. But the subjects are serious, including a health video on preventing cholera(霍亂). Team member Francisco Seufferheld says the information in the videos is meant to be quickly understood. He says, “The information is digested in such a way that in two minutes, we can transmit a complex idea.”
The researchers tested the seven-minute video on seven mobile phones. They wanted to see if people would share the video using Bluetooth wireless technology. With Bluetooth, files can be passed to a nearby phone even if neither phone is connected to the Internet. As a result, in one month, the video had spread to one hundred eighteen people in fifty different villages. “This is just incredible impact,” said Francisco Seufferheld.
The team has made a few videos so far. These are available in a total of eighty languages, dialects and accents. Professor Barry Pittendrigh says there are plans for more videos later this year.
小題1:What is the text mainly about?
A．A best-selling mobile phone
B．A valuable educational project for farmers
C．United States support for developing countries
D．A new type of scientist –farmer relationship
小題2:The SAWBO program is introduced in order to ____.
A．raise farmers’ standard of living
B．do some research on mobile phones
C．develop farmers’ practical skills
D．help farmers prevent insect damage to corps
小題3:The biggest advantage of the program is that it______.
A．includes health video on preventing cholera
B．can be passed to farmers using Bluetooth technology
C．can be used to sort and dry the neem fruits
D．is easy for farmers to understand
小題4:Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ pound” in the 3rd paragraph?
A．movedB．beatC．pickedD．cut

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In England a woman fell down a stair. Panic followed—178 persons lost their lives. In Michigan a woman fell ill. There was a call for water. Someone thought it meant fire---71 were killed. In Oklahoma an old man’s hair caught fire---36 died.
What should you do to be out of danger?
1. As you sit in any crowd, pick out an exit(出口) which is not the one where most persons enter and plan to use if necessary.
2. If a rush stairs, do not get into it . Stay still. Let it pass. Then go to the exit you have chosen.
3. Do not cry out. Speak quietly. Act calmly.
4.Do not stop for your hat and coat unless they are at hand.
5. If there is smoke, crouch. The best air is about three feet above the floor.
6. When you are outside the building, stay out. Many dead would be alive if they had not returned for something.
7. When you get out, move far from the door so that others can get out.
小題1:The first paragraph tells us that over two hundred people lost their lives because of_________.
A．a(chǎn) fireB．a(chǎn) call for water
C． falling downstairsD．panic
小題2:If you are in a crowd when panic stars, you should ________.
A．run with the others.
B．call for help as loudly as you can.
C．hurry at once to an exit.
D．stay still until the crowd has passed.
小題3:What should you do once out of a place where there is panic?
A．stay outside.
B．go back for your wallet.
C．return to ask people not to run.
D．stand near the exit.
小題4:When you are safe outside a burning building , stay away from the door so that _______.
A．the smoke can get out.
B．you will not get burned
C．others may leave.
D．others may enter.

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