【題目】根據(jù)短文理解，選擇正確答案。
Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”. It's a strange name for a period of history. What was exactly “ reborn” during the Renaissance?
To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world's most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.
During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans' art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts（原稿）were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.
Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.
Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧師）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.
By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientist. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was ‘reborn' during the Renaissance.
（1）We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in_______.
A.their companions' observations
B.what they saw with their own eyes
C.what they learned from the Greeks
D.the most advanced theories at that time
（2）We can infer that students in the Church controlled universities might_________.
A.have good memories
B.change their beliefs
C.be lacking in creativity
D.be interested in astronomy
（3）Roger Bacon was put in prison because he_________.
A.gave up being a priest
B.showed no respect for Galen
C.did some research secretly
D.challenged the Church
（4）The text probably comes from a book about_________.
A.medicine
B.education
C.religion
D.history

【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期及后來(lái)教會(huì)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期西方社會(huì)在科學(xué)文化方面的發(fā)展變化，闡明了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期真正的復(fù)興是什么。

⑴考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的”They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations. “可知羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期的科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了更多的研究，相信自己看到的，并且把觀察到的記錄下來(lái)。故選B。

⑵考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.“可知當(dāng)時(shí)教會(huì)統(tǒng)治大學(xué)，教學(xué)陳舊沒(méi)有新發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新。所以學(xué)生們?nèi)狈?chuàng)造力，故選C。

⑶考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧師）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.“ 可知Roger Bacon提出了和教會(huì)不同的觀點(diǎn)，鼓勵(lì)做研究創(chuàng)新而遭到教會(huì)懲罰，被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。故選D。

⑷考查推理判斷。本文介紹了羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期及后來(lái)教會(huì)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期西方社會(huì)在科學(xué)文化方面的發(fā)展變化，闡明了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期真正的復(fù)興是什么。這種文章講的是發(fā)展史會(huì)出現(xiàn)在歷史書籍中，其他三項(xiàng)是片面的，故選D。

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