Nelson Mandela was a figure of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are four things you may not have known about the late South African leader.
1. He was a boxing fan.
In his youth, Nelson Mandela enjoyed boxing and long-distance running. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. "I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. I was curious by how one moved one's body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat, how one paced oneself over a match," he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom.
2. His original name was not Nelson.
Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying in Qunu, South Africa, gave him an English name “Nelson” in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names.
3. He forgot his glasses when he was released from prison.
Mr. Mandela's release on 11 February 1990 followed years of political pressure against apartheid(種族隔離). Mr. Mandela's reading glasses stayed behind in prison.  Mr. Mandela and his then-wife Winnie were taken to the centre of Cape Town to address a huge and exciting crowd. But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realized he had forgotten his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's.
4. He had his own law firm, but it took him years to get a law degree.
Mr. Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. A two-year diploma(學(xué)位證書) in law on top of his university degree allowed him to practice, and in August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa's first black law firm, Mandela and Tambo, in Johannesburg. He kept on studying hard to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Nelson Mandela’s life in the prison.
B．Unknown things about Nelson Mandela.
C．Nelson Mandela’s hobbies and career.
D．The achievements of Nelson Mandela.
【小題2】Why did Nelson Mandela love boxing?
A．Because he wanted to be a boxer.
B．Because he loved the science in boxing.
C．Because he enjoyed the violence of boxing.
D．Because he had nothing else to do in the prison.
【小題3】What happened to Mandela when he was about to give the speech?
A．He broke his glasses into pieces.
B．He left his own glasses at home.
C．He had to use his wife’s glasses.
D．His wife wanted to borrow his glasses.
【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Nelson Mandela was not his original name.
B．Nelson Mandela was the name given by his teacher.
C．Nelson Mandela had started his own law firm before he got a law degree.
D．Nelson Mandela had been studying the law nonstop for 50 years.


【小題1】B
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：文章大意：納爾遜·曼德拉是國(guó)際知名人物，他生活和事業(yè)的許多細(xì)節(jié)為公眾所熟知。但這里提到的四件事可能是你對(duì)這位已故南非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人并不了解的
【小題1】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的But here are four things you may not have known about the late South African leader可知選B。
【小題2】B 推理題。根據(jù)曼德拉所說(shuō)的話I was curious by how one moved one's body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat, how one paced oneself over a match推斷。
【小題3】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。由3中的But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realized he had forgotten his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's.可知選C。
【小題4】D判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Mr. Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took判斷D為答案。
考點(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明類短文閱讀

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

In December 2008, Caroline Kennedy — daughter of the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy—sat down, as a frontrunner for the Senate seat in New York, for a televised interview that helped decide the future of her campaign. The result was a disaster.
Her performance wasn’t well received, in part because her speech was full of filler words—“ums,” “ahs” and “you knows.” One listener counted 27 “ums” and 38 “you knows” in the space of five minutes. A few weeks after the interview, Kennedy ended her Senate campaign.
Filler words may seem natural in everyday speech, but they can be deadly in formal presentations. “Using excessive fillers is the most annoying speech habit,” said Susan Ward, a speech specialist. “They take your listener’s attention away often to the point that he doesn’t hear anything you say. Your message is entirely lost.”
Many speakers are afraid of pause. They believe their audience will think they are inarticulate (不善于表達(dá)) if they pause to think of what to say next, so they use filler words to avoid the silence. However, a pause is actually more impressive than a filler word. Listeners know that the speaker is thinking, trying to find the right word. Sometimes a pause can actually improve a speech, as when an actor uses a dramatic pause to hold the attention of his audience. A speaker shouldn’t be afraid to pause occasionally during a speech; it shows self-confidence.
It takes some work to cut out filler words. You can begin by taking a few seconds to think about what you want to say the next time you are asked a question. This pause will help you begin powerfully, and it will help you avoid using a filler word.
The same public speaking technique applies when you are shifting from one idea to another. While you may be tempted to fill the silence between ideas with a filler word, remember to allow yourself to pause and think about what you want to say next.
If you need help overcoming your “um” problem, consider asking a family member or a friend to point out when you use filler words. You also could record an upcoming presentation and then watch yourself in action. You may be amazed at how often you say “um” or “uh”!
Although we live in a fast-paced society that seemingly demands instant answers, we must use the pause to our advantage. Finally, we should only speak when we are ready.
【小題1】In the first two paragraphs of the article the writer intends to ______.

A．introduce Caroline Kennedy to readers
B．illustrate how deadly filler words can be in the public speech
C．explain what filler words are
D．remind readers that they should count filler words used in public speeches
【小題2】The reason why filler words are considered annoying by speech specialist is that   ______.
A．they prevent the listener from focusing on what the speaker is saying.
B．they convey the speaker’s superiority to the listener.
C．they mean the speaker is not articulate at all.
D．they make the speaker appear self-confident.
【小題3】When used properly, pauses in speeches can actually ______.
A．give the speaker more credibility
B．hold the attention of the audience
C．show the speaker’s deep insight
D．help the audience relax
【小題4】Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to get rid of filler words?
A．To have mental training in order to think faster.
B．To ask someone else to point out when you use filler words.
C．To watch a recording of your own speech.
D．To practice thinking for a moment before answering a question.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent(永恒的) tooth grow in its place.
But if a permanent tooth falls out, that’s a problem. There isn’t another one under the gum(齒齦) that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out or need to be pulled, an older person might need dentures(假牙).
Dentures, known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing. There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures, which replace every tooth in the mouth.
Dentures can cause pains at first and take little time to get adjusted to. They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked(浸泡) in denture solution when not in the mouth.
Dentures are important for the old because, without teeth, it’s hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little weird if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won’t have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings.
People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease(牙周炎), or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attacks the gums. Diseased gums aren’t strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities(洞) that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth problems.
【小題1】If one of your baby teeth falls out, you     .

A．should have a false tooth fixed in its place
B．have to put it under your pillow at once
C．will gain a permanent tooth in future
D．can exchange it for some money
【小題2】A person wearing dentures       .
A．should brush them with a special denture brush every few days
B．will take a very long time to adjust himself or herself to them
C．will experience unpleasant feelings at the beginning of fixing them
D．should use denture solution to soak them in his or her mouth
【小題3】What does the underlined word “weird” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．inconvenientB．excitedC．uncomfortableD．impolite

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【小題1】The Couch Surfing network is intended to __________ .

A．offer travelers convenience to find suitable hosts for free accommodations
B．provide people with a platform to contact each other
C．find potential hosts who want to supply travelers with couches
D．give reliable information about hotels
【小題2】According to Fred Sharp, ______________.
A．couch surfers can fully rely on Couch Surfing community
B．Couch Surfing community enables you to meet different people
C．Couch Surfing community is trusted by all couch surfers
D．Hosts may form a judgment on couch surfers and make a final decision
【小題3】We can infer from the passage that ________________.
A．Couch Surfing has a long history
B．Hai Yan is satisfied with her host
C．Couch Surfing is getting popular in China
D．Basil works at the Beijing Network
【小題4】The last paragraph suggests that hotels will ___________ .
A．be replaced by the organization
B．probably not charge too much
C．not consider raising their prices
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The other day I heard a few local musicians talking:
"I hate all the pianos in this town and I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They cannot even understand rhythm (韻律)."
"Nobody wants to pay musicians anything. I’m sick of all the people who want you to play without paying you."
One younger musician said, "There are several clubs who want me to play for a few nights a month, and I’m trying to find other places to play. I’m also planning to join in several summer festivals this year."
I really liked what the younger musician said so I made friends with him.
Attitudes are important. Whether they’re positive (積極的) or negative (消極的), they’re all rubbing off on you. If you’re around people who are always complaining or blaming (責(zé)備) others, it is possible that you will start doing the same as well. If you spend lots of time with people who don’t support (支持) your dreams, it is time to take a look at the people you call "friends".
There is an easy exercise you can try. Make a list of the people who you often stay with, and simply stop spending time with the negative ones on your list. Set a new standard for yourself and don’t become friends with people who fall below that standard.
Of course, this exercise is entirely different from making friends only for the good of oneself. We really should try to help and spend time with those who are working towards a goal or dream.
【小題1】The musicians’ conversation at the beginning is there to show that ______.

A．musicians’ living conditions are not good
B．people in that town have poor taste in music
C．young people are more likely to succeed
D．different people have different attitudes
【小題2】The underlined part "they’re all rubbing off on you" in Paragraph 6 means ______.
A．they’ll push you ahead
B．they’ll help you realize your dreams
C．they’ll keep you from moving on
D．they’ll have an influence (影響) on you
【小題3】Why did the author want to make friends with the younger musician?
A．He is more active than the others.
B．He can earn more than the others.
C．His attitude is more positive than the others.
D．He has more things to do than the others.
【小題4】We can get the following information from the passage EXCEPT ______.
A．the younger musician is a positive person and would be a good friend
B．one should avoid (避免) making friends with people who have lots of difficulties
C．the exercise can help you keep close to really helpful Friends
D．one will start complaining if one spends too much time with negative people

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An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow(烏鴉) rested on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?”
The son replied “It is a crow.”
After a few seconds the father asked his son the second time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I just now told you; it is a crow.”
After a little while, the old man again asked his son the third time, “What is this?”
At this time some expression of anger was felt in the son’s tone when he said to his father, “It is a crow, a crow.”
A little later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is it?”
This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? Although I have told you so many times? It is a crow. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his  son to read that page. The following words were written in it:
Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa. When a crow was sitting on the window, my son asked me 23 times what it was, and   I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel angered. I rather felt affection for my innocent(單純的) child.
So ……
If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but be kind to them. Be considerate to your parents.
【小題1】How many times did the father asked his son the same question?

A．Twice. B．Three times.
C．Tour times. D．Twenty-three times.
【小題2】What was written in the diary mainly shows_________.
A．the son’s foolishness B．the father’s loneliness
C．the father’s love for his son D．the son’s curiosity
【小題3】After reading the diary, the son most probably felt_________.
A．very disappointed B．even angrier
C．rather happy D．deeply ashamed
【小題4】What lesson should we learn from the passage?
A．We should be considerate to our parents.
B．It’s important to be a great father.
C．We should form the habit of keeping a diary.
D．Old diaries have extraordinary values.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in falling leaves, flowers, and cold winds. For many people late autumn can be a season of depression.
Those who suffer from “the autumn blue” are often extremely tired, lack energy, need more sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight. “The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder（SAD）, is not known yet,” says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. “But recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the availability（得到）of sunlight.”
One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock. Another theory is that brain chemicals that transmit information between nerves, called neurotransmitters （for example, serotonin）, may be altered in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances. “It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy. Remember, spring always lives in your heart ,” Chen says. “Going outdoors to get some sunlight may reduce the tension that brings you the low spirits. Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation. Color treatment also works in handling low mood. Music also plays a role in treating autumn blues.”
【小題1】Autumn blues is also called autumn _______.

A．depression B．sunshine C．blue music D．cold winds
【小題2】From the 3rd paragraph we know that there ________ that can help to deal with autumn blues.
A．is no biological clock B．is a real example
C．is no possibility D．a(chǎn)re some ways
【小題3】Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．Autumn blues can be feelings of happiness.
B．The real cause for autumn blues is still unknown.
C．People feel tired in autumn.
D．Weather doesn’t change people.
【小題4】Which of the following CAN’T you do in order to deal with autumn blues?
A．Eat more food very low in calories and sugar.
B．Reset the biological clock regulating mood, sleep and hormones.
C．Keep the balance of nerves that transmit information.
D．Take outdoor activities or sports.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxi cab. Here’s what happened. I hopped in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded, and missed the other car’s back end by just inches!
The driver of the other car, who almost caused a big accident, started yelling bad words at us. My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. And I mean he was friendly. So, I said, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital!” And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call “The Law of the Garbage Truck. ”
Many people are like garbage （rubbish） trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it. And if you let them, they’ll dump it on you. When someone wants to dump on you, don’t take it personally. You just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. You’ll be happy with what you did.
I started thinking, how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets? It was that day I said, “I’m not going to do anymore.”
Successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their day. What about you? If you let more garbage trucks pass you by, you’ll be happier. Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with regrets. So, Love the people who treat you right. Forget about the ones who don’t.
【小題1】What happened one day when the author was taking a taxi?

A．The taxi almost hit another car.
B．The taxi driver was injured.
C．The author scolded the driver of the other car.
D．The author learned a lesson from the driver of the garbage truck.
【小題2】How did the taxi driver respond to the behavior of the driver of the black car?
A．He yelled back at the driver.
B．He sent the driver to the hospital.
C．He was friendly towards the driver.
D．He dumped some garbage in front of his car.
【小題3】What does the taxi driver think of people according to Paragraph 3?
A．Many people like to drive garbage trucks.
B．Many people dump garbage wherever they like.
C．Many people are warm-hearted to make others happy.
D．Many people tend to be very much depressed.
【小題4】What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．The author used to have a lot of garbage trucks.
B．The author used to complain a lot.
C．The author used to have a lot of money.
D．The author used to be a good manager.
【小題5】According to the passage, what should you do if people “dump garbage” on you?
A．Ignore them and go on with our own work.
B．Try our best to persuade them not to do that again.
C．Tell them to dump the garbage in the right place.
D．Take over their work and carry the garbage to somewhere else.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One' s physical assets and liabilities don' t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not- so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔誠(chéng)) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group--college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual' s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. on another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as who may be less attractive.
【小題1】 In "Beauty is only skin-deep", "skin-deep" can be replaced by______.

A．decoratingB．superficialC．expressiveD．demanding
【小題2】 "One's physical assets and liabilities don' t count all that much in a managerial career."(paral) can be interpretated as______.
A．whether or not one looks good or bad, it doesn' t affect much one' s managerial career
B．in one' s managerial career, he may deal with cases like assets and liabilities
C．in one' s managerial career, he may rarely deal with cases like assets and liabilities
D．whether or not one looks good or bad, it may affect much one' s managerial career
【小題3】  The result of research carried out by social scientists show that______.
A．people do not realize the importance of looking one' s best
B．women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C．good -looking women aspire to managerial positions
D．a(chǎn)ttractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
【小題4】 "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Para.5) means that______.
A．a(chǎn)ttractive women have tremendous potential impact on public job
B．good-looking women always get the best of everything
C．being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D．a(chǎn)ttractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
【小題5】  It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world______.
A．handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
B．physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C．physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
D．good looks are important for women as they are for men

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