【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。 If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?
According to Science Daily, about one-third of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called "materialists", namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?
Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.
But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they?
To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences.
As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise, he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items.
This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look clown on their choices. "There are certain value systems that are rejected by society," said Howell. "When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down."
Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful.
If you happen to be a materialistic person, there's something you can try. "If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier, "Howell said.
You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, "Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for."
（1）What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?
A.Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.
B.About one-third of the people prefer material goods to experiences.
C.Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.
D.Receiving a new object brings lasting joy while the joy of an experience fades soon.
（2）What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?
A.How to judge whether a person is a materialist.
B.Why materialists are not happy with their purchases.
C.How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.
D.Whether materialists are happy when they first make purchases.
（3）Why does the author use the ancient Greek philosopher's words in the last paragraph?
A.To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.
B.To persuade people to be satisfied with what they have.
C.To prove it's unwise to be materialistic and desire too much.
D.To tell readers what they desire now might one day become theirs.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Are You a Materialist?
B.How To Acquire Happiness?
C.The Best Present For the Birthday
D.Which Can Make People Happier?

【答案】
（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"... found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions"可知，經(jīng)歷比物品更能使人感到高興。根據(jù)第六段中的"the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic"可知，比較傾向物質(zhì)主義的參與者比不太傾向物質(zhì)主義的參與者從購物中得到的快樂更少。由此可見， Ryan Howell 在他的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)：有形物質(zhì)比經(jīng)歷給人帶來的快樂更少。因此，該題選A。
（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they？"及第五段第一句"To figure it out, Howell did another study."可知該題選D。
（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中那位哲學(xué)家的話"不要因期望你沒有的東西而毀掉了你現(xiàn)在擁有的東西。記�。耗悻F(xiàn)在擁有的東西就在你曾經(jīng)渴望得到的東西之中"，再結(jié)合上文 Ryan Howell 研究得出的結(jié)論可知，作者引用這位哲學(xué)家的話旨在說服人們要對目前擁有的事物感到知足。因此，該題選B。
（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者通過引用 Ryan Howell 的研究結(jié)果證實(shí)經(jīng)歷比有形物質(zhì)更能給人帶來快樂，故D項(xiàng)作文章標(biāo)題最佳。

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