A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband (腕套). The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel (方向盤(pán)). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between
the sound the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
【小題1】According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
| A．a(chǎn)ims to reduce tiredness-related accidents |
| B．has gone through testing at laboratories |
| C．a(chǎn)ims to prevent drivers form sleeping |
| D．has been on sale for 12 months |
| A．By sounding a warning. |
| B．By touching the wristband. |
| C．By checking the driving time. |
| D．By pressing the steering wheel. |
| A．a(chǎn)bout 400 milliseconds | B．below 500 milliseconds |
| C．over 500 milliseconds | D．a(chǎn)bout 4 minutes |
| A．moves more regularly |
| B．stops working properly |
| C．opens the window for the driver |
| D．sounds more frequently and loudly |
【小題1】A
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
解析試題分析: 在本文中作者介紹了一種新發(fā)明的、叫driver Alert的汽車(chē)裝置，這種裝置每四分鐘發(fā)出一次聲音，司機(jī)要通過(guò)按壓方向盤(pán)來(lái)對(duì)此回應(yīng)，以表明司機(jī)沒(méi)有困倦，如果反應(yīng)超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間，則說(shuō)明司機(jī)疲勞駕駛，需要停車(chē)休息。這種裝置目前正處于試驗(yàn)階段，據(jù)說(shuō)能減少20%--40%因疲勞而造成的意外。
【小題1】A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段1，2行The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness.可知這項(xiàng)裝置旨在于減少由于疲憊而導(dǎo)致的事故。故A正確。
【小題2】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤(pán)).可知司機(jī)聽(tīng)到Driver Alert所發(fā)出的聲音時(shí)要按壓方向盤(pán)，答案選D。
【小題3】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.可知司機(jī)需要休息的反應(yīng)時(shí)間為500毫秒以上，答案選C。
【小題4】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章四、五段內(nèi)容可知如果司機(jī)對(duì)Driver Alert 的聲音反應(yīng)不及時(shí)，就表明司機(jī)困倦了，在這種情況下這種裝置就會(huì)發(fā)生均勻的、很大的聲音以提醒司機(jī)，（In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds）, 故D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確。
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| A．Because they are traditional and safe. |
| B．Because they are convenient and inexpensive. |
| C．Because they are colorful and available. |
| D．Because they are fast and environmentfriendly. |
| A．to ride it for fun |
| B．to use it for transport |
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| D．to improve his riding skills |
| A．It was boring. | B．It was difficult. |
| C．It was lively. | D．It was wonderful. |
| A．The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills. |
| B．The author was annoyed by the air while riding. |
| C．The author was praised by the other bikers. |
| D．The author took great pleasure in biking. |
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| C．loved reading very much after growing up |
| D．became wise and rich after high school |
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| C．Many are taking the risk of losing hearing. |
| D．Doctors know how to cure hearing loss. |
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【小題1】What is the best title for this passage?
| A．How Does the Brain work? |
| B．Why Can’t I Tickle Myself? |
| C．The importance of Prediction |
| D．The Importance of Our Brains |
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| C．a(chǎn)ct according to the rules | D．expect |
| A．a(chǎn) scientific report for experts |
| B．a(chǎn) textbook for medical students |
| C．a(chǎn) book for children |
| D．a(chǎn) research paper for doctors |
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The obvious downside is that robots increase unemployment rate, which in turn increases taxes. We don’t want to pay for those who are out of work just because a company has replaced them with robots.
【小題1】We can learn from the first paragraph that _______.
| A．a(chǎn)ll the workers have been replaced by robots |
| B．robots do most of the work in the car factory |
| C．there are no workers with back strain now |
| D．the author’s uncle designs robots in the factory |
| A．the author’s experience in a car factory |
| B．the advantages of robots over human workers |
| C．the advantages of human workers over robots |
| D．the management of factory workers |
| A．weakness | B．favor |
| C．a(chǎn)ssistance | D．Advantage |
| A．companies refuse to pay for workers. |
| B．robots have completely replaced workers. |
| C．robots can help solve the problem of unemployment. |
| D．people have to pay more taxes for unemployment. |
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【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Finding a job. |
| B．College students’ part-time jobs. |
| C．Craigslist Web site. |
| D．The relation between study and work. |
| A．work on the airplane | B．buy a parachute |
| C．publish a book | D．find a suitable job |
| A．companies often put job information in local shops |
| B．the Internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA |
| C．Susan W. Miller’s company is helping people choose careers |
| D．California Career Services mainly serves university students |
| A．Three. | B．Four. |
| C．Five. | D．Six. |
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For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.
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Today，as the world’s urban population explodes，and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”一are a force that’s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
【小題1】What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
| A．The general view of elevators. |
| B．The particular interests of experts. |
| C．The desire for a remarkable machine. |
| D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles. |
| A．to contrast their functions with elevators, |
| B．to emphasize the importance of elevators |
| C．to reveal their secret war against elevators |
| D．to explain people’s preference for elevators |
| A．Vertical direction. |
| B．Lack of excitement. |
| C．Little physical space. |
| D．Uncomfortable conditions. |
| A．the exact number of elevator lovers |
| B．the serious future situation of elevators |
| C．the role of elevators in city development |
| D．the relationship between cars and elevators |
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