Question

6．Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information，especially numbers，percentages，and other data．A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret．That can be more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data．
Graphs can seem frightening，but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story．The graph has a title，a main idea，and supporting details．You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs like any other text．
  Most graphs have a few basic parts：a caption or introduction paragraph，a title，a legend or key，and labeled axes．An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data．Captions will usually tell you where the data from （for example，a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005）．Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well．The title is very important．It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown．A legend，also called a key，is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph．Many graphs，including bar graphs and line graphs，have two axes that form a corner．Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph．Each axis will always have a label tells you what each axis measures．

Bar Graphs   A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts．In Graph 1，we see that the x-axis shows grades students earned，and the y-axis shows how many   students earned each grade．You can see that 6 students   earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the   vertical measurement．There is a lot of information we can   get from a simple graph like this （See Graph 1）

Line Graphs   A line graph looks similar to a bar graph，but instead of bars，it plots points and connects them with a line．It has the same parts as a bar graph---two labeled axes---and can be read the same way．To read a line graph，it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points．This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time．Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration  （See Graph 2）．

The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days．The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers．Thus we can see that，on the first day，the pipit flew 20 kilometers．The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2，which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2．If the line segment angled down，as between Day 4 and Day 5，it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before．This line graph is a quick，visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration．
Pie Graphs
  A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie．The circle is divided into sections，and each section represents a fraction of the data．The graph is commonly used to show percentages； the whole pie represents 100 percent，so each piece is a fraction of the whole．A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice．This pie graph shows one month's expenses（See Graph 3）．
Food 25    Movies12   Clothing 36Savings20   Books $7                                            
45．When used in a graph，a legend isA．
A．a(chǎn) guide to the symbols and colors   
B．a(chǎn)n introduction paragraph
C．the main idea                    
D．the data
46．What is the total number of students who earned a C or better？D
A.4．
B.6．
C.10．
D.20．
47．The bird covered the longest distance onC．
A．Day 1．
B．Day 2．
C．Day 3．
D．Day 4．
48．Which of the following cost Amy most？D
A．Food．
B．Books．
C．Movies．
D．Clothing．

Answer 1

分析 這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹圖表的類(lèi)型以及其相關(guān)作用，通過(guò)對(duì)條形圖、線(xiàn)形圖和餅形圖的介紹，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)讀圖，運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題．

解答 45．A，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子A legend，also called a key，is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph．可知，一個(gè)圖例是一個(gè)在指導(dǎo)圖中使用的符號(hào)和顏色，故答案為A．
46．D，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)表述In Graph 1，we see that the x-axis shows grades students earned，and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade．You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement以及根據(jù)圖可知，A為6個(gè)，B為10個(gè)，C為4個(gè)，故答案為20．
47．C，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由線(xiàn)形圖可知，最高點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在第三天，為70km，故答案為C．
48．D，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由餅形圖可知，面積最大的是Clothing，故答案為D．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性．對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．