分析 這篇文章主要講述了全球的人口現(xiàn)狀,出生率的下降在許多發(fā)展中地區(qū)是一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在幾十年的災(zāi)難性全球勞動(dòng)力短缺. 人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的不良影響,應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)方法.
解答 71.lower 72.size/scale 73.immediate 74.economic 75.old/older 76.earlier 77.living/life 78.equality 79.immigration 80.compensate
71.lower 信息歸納題 根據(jù)"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st."可知,21世紀(jì)人口出生率比20世紀(jì)低,且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修飾比較級(jí),故填lower
72.size/scale 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate"可知,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人口出生率正在下降,即人口難以維持現(xiàn)有的規(guī)模,"maintain"一詞是做題的依據(jù),故填size/scale.
73.immediate 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades"中的"within a few decades"可知,出生率的下降對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家和全球的消極影響還沒(méi)有發(fā)生,由此聯(lián)想到"影響不是立即產(chǎn)生的".
74.economic 貌似信息查找題,其實(shí)還是信息歸納題.接下來(lái)幾段分別講了中國(guó)、俄羅斯、印度的人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)的問(wèn)題,根據(jù)"economic development before a population decline hits the country"可知答案.
75.old/older 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China"可知,中國(guó)可能會(huì)迎來(lái)年輕勞動(dòng)力的危機(jī),就現(xiàn)在而言,中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力正在"老化",故填older.
76.earlier 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961…but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it"可知,俄羅斯人口由于縮短的壽命而急劇下降.
77.living/life 信息歸納題.如果俄羅斯人改變他們的生活方式,他們的情況可能會(huì)好一些.故答案為living/life
78.equality信息歸納題 根據(jù)"but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly."可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通過(guò)普及教育來(lái)抑制人口增長(zhǎng),
79.immigration 信息查找題 根據(jù)"One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration."可知,通過(guò)移民來(lái)引進(jìn)工人是解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的一種方法.
80.compensate 信息歸納題 根據(jù)"Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population"可知,美國(guó)的移民政策將會(huì)使勞動(dòng)力有所增加,接納移民可以彌補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力的短缺.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 該題考查學(xué)生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力及概況歸納能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論,對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn),從而概括出關(guān)鍵詞.
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