3.Population Change      Why is the world's population growing?The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits,but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900,people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century,declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
      Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore,around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-repalanement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations),but you'd be wrong,Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too,which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
      A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China,for instance.What does it imply?First,China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Sencond,if other factors such as technology remain constant,economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
      Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite sure,but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don't bend.Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.
      In the north of india,the population is booming due to high birth rates,but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist,birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural arceas an lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India's working-age population has no education.In 2030,a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.
      One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA,it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030,Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

71.lower   72.size/scale  73.immediate74.economic75.old/older
76.earlier77.living/life78.equality79.immigration80.compensate.

分析 這篇文章主要講述了全球的人口現(xiàn)狀,出生率的下降在許多發(fā)展中地區(qū)是一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致在幾十年的災(zāi)難性全球勞動(dòng)力短缺. 人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的不良影響,應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)方法.

解答 71.lower  72.size/scale  73.immediate  74.economic 75.old/older 76.earlier 77.living/life 78.equality 79.immigration 80.compensate
71.lower  信息歸納題  根據(jù)"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st."可知,21世紀(jì)人口出生率比20世紀(jì)低,且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修飾比較級(jí),故填lower
72.size/scale 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate"可知,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人口出生率正在下降,即人口難以維持現(xiàn)有的規(guī)模,"maintain"一詞是做題的依據(jù),故填size/scale.
73.immediate 信息歸納題.根據(jù)第二段"which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades"中的"within a few decades"可知,出生率的下降對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家和全球的消極影響還沒(méi)有發(fā)生,由此聯(lián)想到"影響不是立即產(chǎn)生的".
74.economic 貌似信息查找題,其實(shí)還是信息歸納題.接下來(lái)幾段分別講了中國(guó)、俄羅斯、印度的人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)的問(wèn)題,根據(jù)"economic development before a population decline hits the country"可知答案.
75.old/older 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China"可知,中國(guó)可能會(huì)迎來(lái)年輕勞動(dòng)力的危機(jī),就現(xiàn)在而言,中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力正在"老化",故填older.
76.earlier 信息歸納題.根據(jù)"the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961…but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it"可知,俄羅斯人口由于縮短的壽命而急劇下降.
77.living/life 信息歸納題.如果俄羅斯人改變他們的生活方式,他們的情況可能會(huì)好一些.故答案為living/life
78.equality信息歸納題   根據(jù)"but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly."可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通過(guò)普及教育來(lái)抑制人口增長(zhǎng),
79.immigration  信息查找題  根據(jù)"One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration."可知,通過(guò)移民來(lái)引進(jìn)工人是解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的一種方法.
80.compensate 信息歸納題  根據(jù)"Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population"可知,美國(guó)的移民政策將會(huì)使勞動(dòng)力有所增加,接納移民可以彌補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力的短缺.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 該題考查學(xué)生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力及概況歸納能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論,對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn),從而概括出關(guān)鍵詞.

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