Here is an astonishing and significant fact：Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲勞)．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists，J.A.Hadfield，says，“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr.Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further.He declares，“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated－those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B．Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D．A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2.According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A．Challenging mental work.
B．Unpleasant emotions.
C．Endless tasks.
D．Physical labor.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?
A．He agrees with them.
B．He doubts them.
C．He argues against them.
D．He hesitates to accept them.
4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic，sitting workers need to ________.
A．have some good food
B．enjoy their work
C．exercise regularly
D．discover fatigue toxins
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
【解析】本文為說明文，屬于科普類文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，單純的腦力勞動并不會令人感覺疲勞，而真正令人感覺疲勞的是心理和情感態(tài)度，如煩躁、氣憤、焦慮、緊張、擔心、不被欣賞等。這些情感都是令腦力勞動者感覺疲勞的因素。
1.
2.2】解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，使腦力勞動者疲勞的主要原因是情感問題，最后一段指出了是哪些情感，故B項正確。
3.3】解析：選A。推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了科學家的研究成果，作者對此進行了進一步的分析、論證，對情感態(tài)度導致人疲勞的觀點持肯定態(tài)度，并未對此進行質(zhì)疑，故A項正確。
4.4】解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的敘述可知，心理和情感態(tài)度是導致腦力勞動者疲勞的主要原因，因而保持好的心理狀態(tài)才會感覺精力充沛；B項意為“喜歡他們的工作”，符合文意，這就避免了導致疲勞的煩躁、氣憤等情感。其余幾項都與導致疲勞的因素無關，故排除。
科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年高考閱讀理解全程沖刺訓練（12）英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
file into 魚貫而入，排隊進去
Jakarta 雅加達
meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
Java 爪哇
Javanese 爪哇的
mysticism 神秘主義
boost 促進，增加，提高
devout 虔誠的，熱誠的
appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
legend 傳說，神話
fasting 禁食，齋戒
hold onto 抓緊，保住
personnel management system 人事管理制度
perspective investment 遠景投資
venture （商業(yè)）投機，風險
sharpen 使……敏銳/尖銳，磨尖
business slide 買賣/企業(yè)滑坡，下滑
turn around （生意）好轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)變
subconscious 下意識的，潛意識的
cybernetics 控制論
Carnegie 卡耐基
tap 開拓，選擇
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年高考第二輪專題復習提分訓練專題十四細節(jié)理解英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
When 19?year?old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make?A?Wish Foundation (基金會)，nobody understood what she was talking about.But Sophia knew just how important Make?A?Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.We were interested in finding out more，so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say.
Sophia told us that Make?A?Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.“It’s a charity(慈善機構(gòu))that helps children who have got very serious illnesses.Make?A?Wish helps children feel happy even though they are sick，by making their wishes and dreams come true，”Sophia explained.
We asked Sophia how Make?A?Wish had first started.She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris，who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris’s dream come true－so，with everybody’s help，Chris，only seven years old at the time，had been a“policeman”for a day.“When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true，they decided to try and help other sick children too，and that was the beginning of Make?A?Wish，”explained Sophia.
Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special，happy time.A Make?A?Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world.Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.They do this either by providing things that are necessary，or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.
1.Sophia found out about Make?A?Wish because her best friend had________.
A．benefited from it
B．volunteered to help it
C．dreamed about it
D．told the author about it
2.According to Sophia，Make?A?Wish________.
A．is an international charity
B．was understood by nobody at first
C．raises money for very poor families
D．started by drawing the interest of the public
3.What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?
A．He has been a policeman since he was seven.
B．He gave people the idea of starting Make?A?Wish.
C．He wanted people to help make his dream come true.
D．He was the first child Make?A?Wish helped after it had been set up.
4.Which of the following is true about Make?A?Wish volunteers?
A．They are important for making wishes come true.
B．They try to help children get over their illnesses.
C．They visit sick children to make them feel special.
D．They provide what is necessary to make Make?A?Wish popular.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年高考第二輪專題復習提分訓練專題十六推理判斷英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mother?substitute(母親替代物)．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother?substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother?substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接觸)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(長時間的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother?substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(擁抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．
1.Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A．Warmth. B．Milk.
C．Contact. D．Trust.
2.After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.
A．larger in size
B．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbing
D．more comfortable to rub against
3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？
A．Attention. B．Softness.
C．Confidence. D．Interest.
4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
5.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．give the reasons for the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年高考第二輪專題復習提分訓練專題十六推理判斷英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
(2013·高考新課標全國卷Ⅰ，B)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警覺)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s________.
A．sense of hearing B．sense of sight
C．sense of touch D．sense of smell
2.Babies are sensitive to the change in________.
A．the size of cards B．the colour of pictures
C．the shape of patterns D．the number of objects
3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B．To see how babies recognize sounds.
C．To carry their experiment further.
D．To keep the babies’ interest.
4.Where does this text probably come from?
A．Science fiction.
B．Children’s literature.
C．An advertisement.
D．A science report.
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