【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性別) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.
Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.
What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神經(jīng)) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(創(chuàng)造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller number of nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are.
【小題1】Which of the following is the best title of the article?

A．Research on the Brain
B．Men and Women are Different in Brain
C．People’s Different Brains
D．Who Are Better, Boys or Girls
【小題2】__________ men and women think differently.
A．The different brains make
B．Sex makes
C．The different experiences make
D．The influences(影響) of society make
【小題3】According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at __________ in your school.
A．mathematics B．physics C．English D．chemistry
【小題4】Which of the following is true?
A．The left side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls.
B．The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys.
C．Men are better than women in all things.
D．The area in girls used for language skills develops better.
【小題5】60. The number of nerves connecting the two sides of the brain in men __________.
A．is the same as women’s
B．is different from women’s
C．is larger than women’s
D．is twice as large as women’s

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But sincethese can't be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use at seven months of"mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
【小題1】Before children start speaking, _____. 

A．they need equal amount of listening
B．they need different amounts of listening
C．they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D．they can't understand and obey the adult's oral instructions
【小題2】Children who start speaking late _____.
A．may have problems with their listening
B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C．usually pay close attention to what they hear
D．often take a long time in learning to listen properly
【小題3】A baby's first noises are _____.
A．a(chǎn)n expression of his moods and feelings
B．a(chǎn)n early form of language
C．a(chǎn) sign that he means to tell you something
D．a(chǎn)n imitation of the speech of adults
【小題4】The problem of deciding at what point a baby's imitations can be considered as speech _____.
A．is important because words have different meanings for different people
B．is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
C．is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
D．is one that should be completely ignored (忽略) because children's use of words is often meaningless
【小題5】The author implies _____.
A．parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B．even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating
C．children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
D．children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loves experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out,” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine — one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father’s warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colours, shifting and changing, and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead!” A new message appeared on the screen:
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGE�。�
VOYAGE　２
Mark’s finger flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED.
START  TRANSPORT  PROGRAM.
AUTO-RETRIEVE  INITIATED(自動(dòng)回收程序已啟動(dòng)).”
The screen turn even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled out in terror, reaching for the power switch. A beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed：
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL．
DESTINATION:  MARS.
RETRIEVE DATE:  2025
【小題1】Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?

A．He wanted to take a voyage.
B．He wanted to practice his skills.
C．He was so much attracted by it.
D．He was eager to do an experiment.
【小題2】Where did the boy’s father most likely work?
A．In an electronic factory
B．In a computer company
C．In a scientific research center.
D．In an information processing center.
【小題3】Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.
A．a(chǎn) computer game B．a(chǎn) company website
C．a(chǎn) software producer D．a(chǎn)n astronomy program
【小題4】Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A．He was afraid of being scolded.
B．He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C．He didn’t want to play games.
D．He was afraid something dangerous might happen.
【小題5】What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A．They were blown into the air.
B．They were sent to another planet.
C．They were hidden in the strong light.
D．They were carried away to another country.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality characteristics go along with success in different cultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three typical characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humor, and the awareness of being unclear.
Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm when things do not go as one wants them to, or as one hopes they would, or even as one was sure they would. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not.
A person with a sense of humor is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humor in his own reaction than a humorless person. The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to.
  “The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept to understand than patience and a sense of humor. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear as they are newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in a certain situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organization works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like that I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said. “Things are just so different here.”
【小題1】The passage mainly tells us ______.

A．a(chǎn)bout some uneasy traveling experiences in foreign countries 
B．a(chǎn)bout the three main ways to communicate with foreigners 
C．a(chǎn)bout some typical characteristics in different cultural experiences 
D．how to show your characters to foreigners 
【小題2】According to the passage, which characteristic should be focused on most?
A．The ability to keep cool. B．The sense of humor. 
C．Patience. D．The awareness of being unclear. 
【小題3】“The awareness of being unclear” refers to “______” .
A．not knowing what is happening in a situation 
B．not understanding the local language well enough 
C．being aware that the situation is unclear 
D．not knowing how some system or organization works 
【小題4】By what the Chinese graduate student said, we can learn that ______.
A．he is not used to the culture of America 
B．he went to the United States to study the moon 
C．he is a person with a sense of humor 
D．he has just returned from the moon 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tear, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落淚者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (適得其反).
Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome（綜合癥）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
【小題1】What does the phrase “both those responses” in Paragraph 1 refer to ?

A．Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B．The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C．The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D．Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
【小題2】From the passage we can infer that        .
A．it is unnatural for people to shed tears
B．we can reduce our stress by shedding tears
C．shedders of tears can’t get help by crying loudly
D．unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival
【小題3】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Roles of emotional tears.
B．functions of shedding tears.
C．Unwelcome shedders of tears.
D．Research on the effects of tears.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Antidepressant（抗憂郁）drugs such as Prozac were viewed in the early 1900's as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. But in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. And now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients' depression worse. This alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin（血清素）. Drugs such as Prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors（or SSRIs）. Their aim is to increase the level of this  “feel-good” chemical in the brain.
But the new research, published in the journal Frontiers In Evolutionary Psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical Swiss Army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. And when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. These can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the study's lead researcher Paul Andrews. “ We need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs,” says Andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.
Previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. Famous psychologist Irving Kirsch has found that for many patients, SSRIs are no more effective than a placebo pill. A research in 2010 on Danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used SSRIs in early pregnancy. The key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says Andrews. Serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of SSRI drugs. He argues that SSRI antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before.
“After long use, when a patient stops taking SSRIs, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production,” he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. These changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years.
Most disturbingly of all, Andrews' review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. One study, published in the British Medical Journal last year, found patients given SSRIs were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs.
“Serotonin is an ancient chemical,” says Andrews. “It is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm.”
Stafford Lightman, professor of medicine at the University of Bristol, and a leading UK expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says Andrews’ review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. “This report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do,” he says. “Drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. Nevertheless, Andrews' study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. ” Professor Lightman adds that there is still a great deal we don't know about SSRIs-not least what they actually do in our brains.
When it comes to understanding why the drugs work only for a limited part of patients, U.S.  scientists think they might now have the answer. They think that in many depressed patients, it’s not only the lack of feel-good serotonin causing their depression, but also a failure in the area of the brain that produces new cells throughout our lives. This area, the hippocampus, is also responsible for regulating mood and memory. Research suggests that in patients whose hippocampus has lost the ability to produce new cells, SSRIs do not bring any benefit.
【小題1】According to paragraph 2, serotonin, like a chemical Swiss Army knife, can             .

A．make many patients' depression worse
B．cause a wide range of unwanted effects
C．a(chǎn)ffect human body and brain in various ways
D．provide little benefit for most depressed people
【小題2】In Stafford Lightman's opinion,                    .
A．drug companies don't know the negative effect of antidepressants
B．Andrews focused on different things from the drug companies
C．scientists have found what SSRIs do in the brain
D．Andrews' research has no medical value
【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE about SSRIs?
A．They are used to increase the “feel-good” medical in the brain.
B．They can work even when the hippocampus can't produce new cells.
C．They create a risk of heart problems in pregnant women.
D．They are responsible for controlling mood and memory.
【小題4】What is the text mainly about?
A．The aim of drug companies
B．The function of SSRIs
C．The side-effects of antidepressants
D．The cause of depression

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Ever wonder how much a cloud weighs? What about a hurricane? A meteorologist(氣象學(xué)者) has done some estimates and the results might surprise you.
Let's start with a very simple white puffy cloud — a cumulus cloud（積云）. How much does the water in a cumulus cloud weigh? Peggy LeMone, senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, did the numbers. "The water in the little cloud weighs about 550 tons," she calculates. "Or if you want to convert it to something that might be a little more meaningful … think of elephants."
The thought of a hundred elephants-worth of water suspended(懸浮的) in the sky begs another question — what keeps it up there?
"First of all, the water isn't in elephant-sized particles（微粒）, it's in tiny tiny tiny particles," explains LeMone. And those particles float on the warmer air that's rising below. But still, the concept of so much water floating in the sky was surprising even to a meteorologist like LeMone. "I had no idea how much a cloud would weigh, actually, when I started the calculations," she says.
So how many elephant units of water are inside a big storm cloud—10 times bigger all the way around than the "puffy" cumulus cloud? Again, LeMone did the numbers: About 200,000 elephants.
Now, ratchet up(略微調(diào)高) the calculations for a hurricane about the size of Missouri and the figures get really massive(巨大的). "What we're doing is weighing the water in one cubic meter theoretically pulled from a cloud and then multiplying by(乘上) the number of meters in a whole hurricane," she explains.
The result? Forty million elephants. That means the water in one hurricane weighs more than all the elephants on the planet. Perhaps even more than all the elephants that have ever lived on the planet.
【小題1】The weight of      is NOT mentioned in the passage.

A．a(chǎn) cumulus cloud B．a(chǎn) tornado 
C．a(chǎn) hurricane D．a(chǎn) storm cloud 
【小題2】How did Peggy LeMone feel about the result of her calculations?
A．She found it not convincing. 
B．She thought it needed further calculations. 
C．She was quite surprised at it. 
D．She considered the calculations inaccurate. 
【小題3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A．A storm cloud weighs about 200,000 elephants. 
B．The water in a hurricane weighs more than that in any other kind of cloud. 
C．There are less than forty million elephants living on the earth. 
D．The water in the cloud is in very tiny partials. 
【小題4】What is the best title for the passage?
A．How Much a Cloud Weighs B．How Much a Hurricane Weighs 
C．Surprising Results D．Elephants in the Sky 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感覺(jué)）of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知）of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假設(shè)）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
【小題1】The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ________.

A．babies need warm physical contact
B．caregivers should be healthy adults
C．a(chǎn)dults should develop social skills
D．monkeys have social relationships
【小題2】In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ________.
A．write down their hypotheses
B．evaluate someone’s personality
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
【小題3】We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C．physical temperature affects how we see others
D．capable persons are often cold to others
【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B．Developing Better Drinking Habits.
C．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
D．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

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