Question

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind?hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone's a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind?sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work：

A fixed mind?set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind?set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind?set believes that no talent is entirely heaven?sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind?set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind?sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind?sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind?set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

1.What does the author think about the present generation?

A．They don't do well at school.

B．They are often misunderstood.

C．They are eager to win in sports.

D．They are given too much praise.

2.A fixed mind?set person is probably one who ________.

A．doesn't want to work hard

B．cares a lot about personal safety

C．cannot share his ideas with others

D．can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth mind?set believe?

A．Admitting failure is shameful.

B．Talent comes with one's birth.

C．Scores should be highly valued.

D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

4.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?

A．Encourage them to learn from failures.

B．Prevent them from making mistakes.

C．Guide them in doing little things.

D．Help them grow with praise.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】文章大意：本文主要介紹了兩種不同的心態(tài)對(duì)待失敗的態(tài)度。the fixed mind?set和the growth mind?set對(duì)待失敗有著不同的認(rèn)識(shí)并且會(huì)采取不同的方式來對(duì)待失敗。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them ‘the overpraised generation.’”可知作者是同意這個(gè)教授的說法的，指現(xiàn)在的孩子們是屬于被過度表?yè)P(yáng)的一代人。A“他們?cè)谛�學(xué)習(xí)不好”，B“他們經(jīng)常被誤會(huì)”，沒有提及這個(gè)信息；C“他們渴望在比賽中獲勝”；與原文的“scores and performance were played down”“分?jǐn)?shù)被看輕”這個(gè)信息矛盾。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段的“The fixed mind?set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort…”可知具有這種心態(tài)的人不會(huì)去努力付出。B“關(guān)注個(gè)人安全”；C“不與他人分享看法”；D“在老師的幫助下可以成功”；均與事實(shí)不符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第四段的“When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again.In fact, it enjoys this experience.”可知具有這種心態(tài)的人認(rèn)為解決困難是一種享受。

4.推理判斷題。Dweck教授研究了兩種對(duì)待失敗的心態(tài)以及采取的不同行動(dòng)，告訴了父母?jìng)儜?yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子們從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，獲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，而不是去責(zé)備他人或者逃避困難等，所以選A。B“阻止他們犯錯(cuò)誤”；C“指導(dǎo)他們做小事”；D“用表?yè)P(yáng)來幫助他們成長(zhǎng)”；均與事實(shí)不符。