1．Hospitals not only treat infections-they can also cause them．
In the United States alone，the number of infections in hospitals is estimated at close to two million each year．About one hundred thousand patients die．
A new government report notes that very little progress has been made in reducing what are called health care-associated infections．The most common are infections of the urinary tract（尿路），surgical site and bloodstream．
Many infections have been increasing even as hospitals have made efforts to improve．About forty percent of all health care-associated infections are linked to the use of catheters．A tube is placed inside the body to collect urine（尿液），so the patient does not have to get out of bed．
But the latest report says urinary tract infections after surgery increased more than three and a half percent．It says catheters should be used only if necessary．
Another way to prevent infections is to give patients antibiotics before surgery．Doctors are advised to give them within the hour before the operation．Patients who get antibiotics earlier than one hour are more likely to get an infected surgical wound．Also，doctors are advised to discontinue the antibiotics within twenty-four hours after the surgery．The report says longer than that is usually not necessary．It can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance．
Kathleen Sebelius is secretary of health and human services．She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed．She called the report numbers"troubling．"
But she also said the health care reforms passed by Congress will improve the quality of care for all Americans．She said the new law will reward quality over quantity of care，creating a system that prevents diseases before more costly treatment is required．
49．What do we learn about healthcare-associated infections from this passage？C
A．It is a new disease that is discovered by American doctors．
B．It is not reported in other countries but the United States．
C．It is connected with what doctors do to treat their patients．
D．It is so deadly that it kills two million people every year．
50．In this passage antibiotics are used toB．
A．reduce pain B．prevent infections
C．shorten operation time D．make patients sleep
51．From the last paragraph but one we know Kathleen Sebelius isA．
A．very optimistic about the situation
B．quite worried about the minorities
C．suffering from the infection herself
D．blaming doctors for their slow response
52．What can be inferred from the passage？B
A．Antibiotics may be the most effective way to resist infection after surgery．
B．Some ethnic minorities without insurance are in need of basic treatments．
C．Hospitals are where infections are least likely to take place．
D．Hospitals have made great progress in reducing healthcare-associated infections．
分析 本文講述了醫(yī)院不僅治療感染，也會導致感染，并指出了醫(yī)院避免導致病人感染的途徑，最后說到美國國會通過的醫(yī)療改革法案將改善所有美國人的醫(yī)療保健質(zhì)量．
解答 49：答案 C 推理判斷題．由文章內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)院不僅治療感染，也會導致感染，大約40%的health care-associated infections與使用導尿管有關，由此可推知health care-associated infections與醫(yī)生的治療有關，故C項正確．
50：答案 B 細節(jié)理解題．由文章第六段的第一句可知，防止感染的另外一個方法是在手術前為病人注射抗生素．故選B項．
51：答案 A 推理判斷題．文章最后一段Kathleen Sebelius說：國會通過的醫(yī)療改革法案將改善所有美國人的醫(yī)療保健質(zhì)量．新法案將更加重視保健的質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量，還將建立一個疾病預防系統(tǒng)，以避免（患病后所需的）昂貴的治療．由此可知她對將來的保健狀況十分樂觀．
52：答案 B 推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的"She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed．"可知少數(shù)民族人士很少有醫(yī)療保險，也很少能得到所需的治療．故可推知B項正確．
點評 細節(jié)推斷題是推理判斷題中比較簡單的一類試題，它要求考生根據(jù)語篇中具體的內(nèi)容和信息點，推斷出文章中具體的細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等．解答此類試題時，一般可根據(jù)短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常識進行推理判斷．考生只要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關系，理解文章的真正含義，就可作出準確的推斷．
對于細節(jié)推斷題來說，根據(jù)文章中的關鍵信息點進行推斷是解答此類試題的關鍵．考生不但要理解文章的字面含義，還要運用邏輯判斷能力，推斷出文章更深層的含義．同時還要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行推斷，不能憑空猜測．考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立場上，設身處地地考慮實際情景，并據(jù)此展開合理的想象和推理．主觀臆斷是許多考生做這類題時普遍存在的一個問題．
